SOILS-L: 199509XX
is the compilation of discussion during Sep 95
via AB4EL Web Digests @ SunSITE
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Fri Sep 1 21:01 EDT 1995
Date: Fri, 01 Sep 1995 14:55:43 -0500
Subject: SOILS-L digest 356
Message-Id: <199509011955.AA13235@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Contents:
Re: Hydrocarbon in water (ChemCE@aol.com)
Date: Thu, 31 Aug 1995 21:27:44 -0400
From: ChemCE@aol.com
Subject: Re: Hydrocarbon in water
unsubscribe soils-l
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Tue Sep 5 03:44 EDT 1995
Date: Tue, 5 Sep 1995 02:35:38 -0500
Message-Id: <199509050735.AA00850@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 357
Contents:
I present myself. (M.Perelli@agora.stm.it)
Date: Tue, 5 Sep 95 9:6:5 GMT
From: M.Perelli@agora.stm.it
Subject: I present myself.
To SOILS-L Discussion Group Members
Hello!
I am an Italian agronomist, 41 ages. I live near Venice, but I work in all
Italy and sometimes in foreign countries (France, Germany, USA, Ecuador,
Kenya, Egypt).
I worked from 1979 to 1984 in an industrial research center and in the last
ten years I worked as freelance agronomist.
My main working area is R&D in soil and fertilizers, including
environmental problem related to soil pollution and residual utilization
(wastes, manure, and so on).
Also I write books and papers on fertilizer and fertilization, generally in
Italian, and I developed software for fertilizer and manure utilization.
My mother tongue is Italian, but I can use English and I understand and
speak French and Spanish.
I hope to cooperate with you, with my "on-field" experience.
Virtually
Marino
---------------------------------------------
Marino Perelli free-lance agronomist
Via Puccini, 11 - 30034 Mira VE - Italy
tel/fax +39 41 421995 m.perelli@agora.stm.it
---------------------------------------------
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Wed Sep 6 03:47 EDT 1995
Date: Wed, 6 Sep 1995 02:36:08 -0500
Message-Id: <199509060736.AA20606@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 358
Contents:
Re: Needs help ("Ted Zobeck" <tzobeck@lubbock.ars.ag.gov>)
Date: 5 Sep 1995 13:56:51 -0600
From: "Ted Zobeck" <tzobeck@lubbock.ars.ag.gov>
Subject: Re: Needs help
contact John if you can help (I think he is from the University of Cape
Town in South Africa)...
Dear Sir
I am a non-specialist requiring help on an erosion problem. I was
given your address by a researcher in the EnGeo department here at
UCT.
Our hang gliding club needs advice on how to deal with a
defoliation/ imminent erosion problem at one of our launches. The
slope is approximately 40 deg from the horizontal, the area is semi-
arid, winter-rainfall, machlia-type vegetation, sandstone with loose,
sandy soil. We use an area approximately 25 metres square to rig on
and launch off, with contact approximately once a week for about 2
hours on average, though this does vary. Even with this minimal
contact, the foliage seems to have retreated (approx 40% gone) and a
little soil has washed off. As a result forestry officials have asked
us to come up with a management plan that provides for minimum impact
on foliage and soil.
Any advice would be greatly appreciated, we desperately want to keep
this site.
Thankyou in advance,
John Stuart `We're flying high
Chairman: UCT HG Club we're watching the world
stuart@socsci.uct.ac.za pass us by'
Martin L. Gore
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Thanks for the help.
Ted Zobeck
tzobeck@lubbock.arg.ag.gov
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Thu Sep 7 16:37 EDT 1995
Date: Thu, 7 Sep 1995 15:26:36 -0500
Message-Id: <199509072026.AA25124@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 359
Contents:
Soil CO2 ("P.Mielnick" <AGRO280@UNLVM.UNL.EDU>)
Date: Thu, 07 Sep 95 14:42:38 CDT
From: "P.Mielnick" <AGRO280@UNLVM.UNL.EDU>
Subject: Soil CO2
My Ph.D research is in soil CO2 emissions and soil air CO2 concentrations in ag
roecosystems. I have 3 requests for information: (1) can the soil act as a sink
as well as a source of CO2? (2) if so, under what conditions and at what depth
within the soil profile. (3) I have measured changes in soil air CO2 concentra
tion of as much as 50,000 ppm in less than 5 hrs. What would cause the concentr
ations to change so rapidly over such a short time interval? This can occur at
night as well as during the day but only during peak growing season. Soil water
and temperatures are stable over the time period. Comments, speculations, refe
rences on the above would be greatly appreciated.
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Fri Sep 8 16:37 EDT 1995
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 1995 15:27:31 -0500
Message-Id: <199509082027.AA23650@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 360
Contents:
Re: Soil CO2 ("Peter J. Harris" <P.J.Harris@reading.ac.uk>)
FREE journal issues ("Cristian Schulthess" <CSCHULTH@canr1.cag.uconn.edu>)
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 1995 09:47:04 +0100 (BST)
From: "Peter J. Harris" <P.J.Harris@reading.ac.uk>
Subject: Re: Soil CO2
On Thu, 7 Sep 1995, P.Mielnick wrote:
> My Ph.D research is in soil CO2 emissions and soil air CO2 concentrations in ag
> roecosystems. I have 3 requests for information: (1) can the soil act as a sink
> as well as a source of CO2? (2) if so, under what conditions and at what depth
> within the soil profile. (3) I have measured changes in soil air CO2 concentra
> tion of as much as 50,000 ppm in less than 5 hrs. What would cause the concentr
> ations to change so rapidly over such a short time interval? This can occur at
> night as well as during the day but only during peak growing season. Soil water
> and temperatures are stable over the time period. Comments, speculations, refe
> rences on the above would be greatly appreciated.
>
>From Peter Harris, Soil Science Dept, University of Reading,UK.
50,000 ppm sounds pretty high, a level that starts to affect microbial
metabolism, particularly fungi. It would be useful to know more about the
system you are using.
You say temperature and water is "stable". What exactly do you mean ? If
this is a soil with a crop in it, at peak growing season, it is very
difficult to have "stable" water content as it is a very dynamic situation.
Also you only need a slight change in temperature to affect carbon
dioxide solubility quite a lot. (CRC Handbook quotes 171.3 mls gas per
100mls water at 0 degrees C to only 90.1 mls gas per 100 mls water at 20
degrees C. (These are at saturation rather than in equilibrium with the
atmosphere.)
If the 50000 ppm figure is real it needs a substrate to sustain it,the
most likely being root exudates (you can presumably calculate just how
much, say, glucose it would take). Are you doing anything that
would constitute a stress to the plant as this can encourage exudation
dramatically.
Try doing a few sums on the amount of organic matter, roots, water etc in
your system and see if any of the above can be made to come within the
right ball park.
Peter.
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 1995 16:23:35 EST
From: "Cristian Schulthess" <CSCHULTH@canr1.cag.uconn.edu>
Subject: FREE journal issues
The following journals are availabe to whomever needs them.
Preference will be given to individuals in poor, third world countries.
Soil Science Society of America Journal:
1983, No.1
1985, No.1-6
1986, No.1-3,5-6
1987, No.1-4,6
1988, No.1-5
1989, No.1,3-4,6
1990, No.1-6
1991, No.1-6
1992, No.1
Journal of Environmental Quality:
1985, No.1
1990, No.1,3-4
1991, No.2-4
1992, No.1
Agronomy Abstracts:
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Send your requests directly to CSchulth@CANR1.CAG.UConn.EDU
(Do not use the soils-L to place your requests).
Thank you for helping me remove these extras from my office.
Cristian Schulthess
= Cristian P. Schulthess =============================================
| Internet: CSchulth@canr1.cag.uconn.edu * * |
| Phone: 203-486-1943 Fax: 203-486-0682 * =============== *** |
| Address: Univ. of Connecticut * Soil & *****|
| Dept. of Plant Science, U-67 ***** Environmental * | ___
| W.B. Young Bldg., Room 118 *** Chemist * | [. .]
|__________Storrs, CT 06269___________________* ================ *__| ( )
====================================================================== o
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Sat Sep 9 16:41 EDT 1995
Date: Sat, 9 Sep 1995 15:30:14 -0500
Message-Id: <199509092030.AA04550@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 361
Contents:
Re: FREE journal issues (Pilgrampl@aol.com)
Date: Sat, 9 Sep 1995 05:06:09 -0400
From: Pilgrampl@aol.com
Subject: Re: FREE journal issues
I am a student doing a research project on bioremedation if any of these
journals have info on the growth and growth limiting factors of microbs i
would be intrested in some.
Thanks
Peter Lawrence
56 central ave.
Wellsboro, PA. 16901
USA
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Mon Sep 11 12:18 EDT 1995
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 1995 11:07:16 -0500
Message-Id: <199509111607.AA27080@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 362
Contents:
Re: Hydrocarbon in water (Judy Schofield <JSCHOFIE@MIAMIU.ACS.MUOHIO.EDU>)
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 95 11:19:19 EST
From: Judy Schofield <JSCHOFIE@MIAMIU.ACS.MUOHIO.EDU>
Subject: Re: Hydrocarbon in water
I am writing to ask a few questions concerning the posts discussing
the application of hydrocarbons to soil. Don Wauchope wrote
that hydrocarbons in the low concentrations mentioned will adsorb
to the soil. Can you tell me more about the nature of this adsorbption?
Are the hydrocarbons bound to the soil ionically, tightly, reversibly?
What component of the soil is the hydrocarbon adsorbed to and what
component of the hydrocarbon is adsorbed to the soil? Are the hydro-
carbons available to microorganisms after adsorption? Will the hydro-
carbons remain in the soil surface layer? I am investigating the
fate of condensed tannins (from willow leaf litter) during leaf litter
decomposition, and have found some interesting interactions with soil.
Thanks, Judy Schofield
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Tue Sep 12 12:33 EDT 1995
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 1995 11:07:48 -0500
Message-Id: <199509121607.AA23626@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 363
Contents:
Re: Hydrocarbon in soil (ddagesse@spartan.ac.brocku.ca (Daryl Dagesse))
Re: Hydrocarbon in water (Alain F Plante <aplante@uoguelph.ca>)
Re[2]: Hydrocarbon in water (Jeff_Wilson_at_gal__calgary__ab@golder.com (Jeff Wilson))
Re: Re[2]: Hydrocarbon in water (Alain F Plante <aplante@uoguelph.ca>)
Re: Hydrocarbon in water ("Catharine Brown" <CBROWN@charon.engga.uwo.ca>)
unsub?????????? (edfarace@sae.ssu.umd.edu)
Re: Re[2]: Hydrocarbon in water (Jock.Churchman@adl.soils.csiro.au (Jock Churchman))
Re: Re[2]: Hydrocarbon in water (Alain F Plante <aplante@uoguelph.ca>)
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 1995 11:52:55 -0400
From: ddagesse@spartan.ac.brocku.ca (Daryl Dagesse)
Subject: Re: Hydrocarbon in soil
Hello all.
Although I know VERY little about the topic of this thread, I would suggest
that anyone interested in hydrocarbons in the soil look up information on
bioremediation. The use of microorganisms to clean up hydrocarbon
contamination has been getting quite a bit of attention lately, so there
may be some good information of use to soils people. I mention this as
bioremediation might be a bit out of some people's area, and they may not
stumble across it as a result.
Hope this helps.
Daryl Dagesse
Senior Demonstrator/Instructor
Department of Geography, Brock University
St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1
905-688-5550 x4071, FAX 905-688-6369
ddagesse@spartan.ac.brocku.ca
The more I learn, the more I realize how little I truly know
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 1995 12:35:16 -0400 (EDT)
From: Alain F Plante <aplante@uoguelph.ca>
Subject: Re: Hydrocarbon in water
The fate of hydrocarbons in soil has been studied on a very limited scale.
For the most part, the literature has examined a black-box phenomenon.
The true physico-chemical fate of these compounds is for the most part
unknown. The sorption of hydrocarbons to true soil particles (sand, silt
and clay) most most likely occur through cation bridging, where a
positively charge Al or Fe ion provides a bridge between the negatively
charged functional group of the hydrocarbon and the negatively charged
surface. Other possibilities include hydrogen bonding, van der Waals
forces, etc.
HOWEVER, the most likely scenario for hydrocarbon sorption in soil is not
with the soil itself, but with soil organic matter. This process is far
more likely since the hydrocarbons have limited water solubility and
limited charge properties. The principle mechanism for the interaction
would be through hydrophobic bonding. This is essentially a dissolution
process whereby the hydrocarbon is dissolved into the humic substances. I
have done a limited literature review of this process in relation to
non-ionic pesticides and there seems to be little understanding of the
process and its various factors. Hydrocarbons are surely similar in that
they would be intimately bound into the organic fraction.
Now, as a side-bar to this; has anyone out there been able to measure
residual oil and grease in soils on a small scale. I have examined the
use of Soxhlet and supercritical extractions, but the sample sizes are
too small to measure mass differences. Any suggestions?
Alain Plante
Dept. Land Resource Science
University of Guelph
Canada
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 1995 11:48:28 -0700
From: Jeff_Wilson_at_gal__calgary__ab@golder.com (Jeff Wilson)
Subject: Re[2]: Hydrocarbon in water
This is a Mime message, which your current mail reader
may not understand. Parts of the message will appear as
text. To process the remainder, you will need to use a Mime
compatible mail reader. Contact your vendor for details.
--IMA.Boundary.394448018
Content-Description: cc:Mail note part
Check out Chapter 8 in Martin Alexander's recnet book "Biodegradation
and Bioremediation" (Academic Press, 1994, ISBN 0-12-049860-X). I
just received my copy yesterday. Chapter 8 is on Sorption of
contaminants to soil, primarily the clay components, through a
combination of van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, ion exchange,
or chemisorption. As a practitioner of bioremedation, I know that
sorption will affect the bioavailability of organics to microbial
degradation. Martin discusses this further in Chapter 10 -
Bioavailability - Sequestering and Complexing.
I imagine that tannins will act similarly to the resins and
asphaltenic (lignin-like) factions of crude oil and tend to bind
strongly, reducing mobility in the soil, but also bioavailability. We
are concerned about toxicity and mobility of biodegradation
intermediates from these fractions over time.
Hope this helps,
Jeff Wilson, Ph.D., P.Biol.
Senior Environmental Microbiologist
Golder Associates Ltd.,
Calgary, Alberta
(403) 299-4630.
______________________________ Reply Separator _________________________________
Subject: Re: Hydrocarbon in water
Author: Judy Schofield <JSCHOFIE@MIAMIU.ACS.MUOHIO.EDU> at internet
Date: 09/11/95 11:06 AM
I am writing to ask a few questions concerning the posts discussing
the application of hydrocarbons to soil. Don Wauchope wrote
that hydrocarbons in the low concentrations mentioned will adsorb
to the soil. Can you tell me more about the nature of this adsorbption?
Are the hydrocarbons bound to the soil ionically, tightly, reversibly?
What component of the soil is the hydrocarbon adsorbed to and what
component of the hydrocarbon is adsorbed to the soil? Are the hydro-
carbons available to microorganisms after adsorption? Will the hydro-
carbons remain in the soil surface layer? I am investigating the
fate of condensed tannins (from willow leaf litter) during leaf litter
decomposition, and have found some interesting interactions with soil.
Thanks, Judy Schofield
--IMA.Boundary.394448018
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Date: Mon, 11 Sep 1995 11:06:45 -0500
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Version: 5.5 -- Copyright (c) 1991/92, Anastasios Kotsikonas
From: Judy Schofield <JSCHOFIE@MIAMIU.ACS.MUOHIO.EDU>
To: Multiple recipients of list <soils-l@unl.edu>
Subject: Re: Hydrocarbon in water
--IMA.Boundary.394448018--
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 1995 14:57:48 -0400 (EDT)
From: Alain F Plante <aplante@uoguelph.ca>
Subject: Re: Re[2]: Hydrocarbon in water
On Mon, 11 Sep 1995, Jeff Wilson wrote:
-- snip --
> I know that
> sorption will affect the bioavailability of organics to microbial
> degradation.
-- snip --
What has become obvious in the literature is that the effect of sorption
of organic molecules (particular non-ionics) on bioavailability is
unknown. It was once thought that sorbed material is unavailable, but it
is now well accepted that even sorbed materials can be degraded (albeit
more slowly). The process through which the degradation occurs is still
not well understood. But this topic of surface phenomena and
bioavailability fascinates me if anyone cares to discuss it further.
Alain Plante
Dept. Land Resource Science
University of Guelph
Canada
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 1995 15:13:47 EDT
From: "Catharine Brown" <CBROWN@charon.engga.uwo.ca>
Subject: Re: Hydrocarbon in water
In response to the issue of hydrocarbons and whether it will stay in
the soil layer, you should consider reading some work done by
R.M.Quigley and F. Fernandez. There were a few articles that they
have published about hydrocarbons among other permeants and their
influence with soils more specifically clays. These articles can be
found in the Canadian Geotechnical Journal between 1985 to 1991. i
do have the references if anyone is interested.
Sincerely,
Catharine Brown
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 1995 17:30:39 EDT
From: edfarace@sae.ssu.umd.edu
Subject: unsub??????????
How may I unsubscribe from this list?
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 1995 10:02:00 +0930
From: Jock.Churchman@adl.soils.csiro.au (Jock Churchman)
Subject: Re: Re[2]: Hydrocarbon in water
I am joining this interesting discussion on the fate of hydrocarbons in soil
to register my interest in the subject, to ask a question and to seek
further information.
Along with others, we have found that the aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene and
toluene are sorbed to little or no extent by pure clays. However, as Alain
Plante noted, they can be sorbed when organic molecules are added to the
system, whether as organic matter in soils, or as complexes of well-defined
organic molecules with the clays. The question is, has anyone studied the
different extents of sorption of hydrocarbons by different soils in relation
to the nature (as distinct from the amount) of organic matter in the various
soils? If this were done, the results could provide a clue to the nature of
the interactions between hydrocarbons and soils via their organic matter.
In response to Catharine Brown, yes please, I would like the refernces to
the articles by Quigley and Fernandez on this subject.
Thanks,
Jock Churchman
>On Mon, 11 Sep 1995, Jeff Wilson wrote:
>-- snip --
>
>> I know that
>> sorption will affect the bioavailability of organics to microbial
>> degradation.
>
>-- snip --
>
>What has become obvious in the literature is that the effect of sorption
>of organic molecules (particular non-ionics) on bioavailability is
>unknown. It was once thought that sorbed material is unavailable, but it
>is now well accepted that even sorbed materials can be degraded (albeit
>more slowly). The process through which the degradation occurs is still
>not well understood. But this topic of surface phenomena and
>bioavailability fascinates me if anyone cares to discuss it further.
>
>Alain Plante
>Dept. Land Resource Science
>University of Guelph
>Canada
>
>
>
Dr Jock Churchman
CSIRO Division of Soils
Private Bag No. 2
Glen Osmond
South Australia 5064
AUSTRALIA
Phone: (08) 303 8498
61 8 303 8400 (International)
Fax: 61 8 303 8550
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 1995 09:39:09 -0400 (EDT)
From: Alain F Plante <aplante@uoguelph.ca>
Subject: Re: Re[2]: Hydrocarbon in water
On Mon, 11 Sep 1995, Jock Churchman wrote:
> The question is, has anyone studied the
> different extents of sorption of hydrocarbons by different soils in relation
> to the nature (as distinct from the amount) of organic matter in the various
> soils? If this were done, the results could provide a clue to the nature of
> the interactions between hydrocarbons and soils via their organic matter.
I'm not familiar with any research that has looked into this topic
although I'm sure it must be there since some related research has been
performed. Some researchers (incl. Capriel et al) report the fate of
labelled Atrazine in soil organic matter. They reported the amounts of
sorbed herbicide in each of the HA, FA, and humin fractions. I can't see
why we would be unable to perform the same experiments with labelled
hydrocarbons. Although the chemistry and nature of the hydrocarbon
molecules would perhaps give them a particular affinity for one fraction
over the others.
Has anyone found this type of research?
Alain Plante
Dept. Land Resource Science
University of Guelph
Canada
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Wed Sep 13 12:22 EDT 1995
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 1995 11:07:53 -0500
Message-Id: <199509131607.AA18889@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 364
Contents:
Re: Hydrocarbon in water (rate@uniwa.uwa.edu.au (Andrew Rate))
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 1995 17:17:15 +0800
From: rate@uniwa.uwa.edu.au (Andrew Rate)
Subject: Re: Hydrocarbon in water
>...performed. Some researchers (incl. Capriel et al) report the fate of
>labelled Atrazine in soil organic matter. They reported the amounts of
>sorbed herbicide in each of the HA, FA, and humin fractions. I can't see
>why we would be unable to perform the same experiments with labelled
>hydrocarbons. Although the chemistry and nature of the hydrocarbon
>molecules would perhaps give them a particular affinity for one fraction
>over the others.
>
>Has anyone found this type of research?
Some papers which are definitely relevant to this discussion are:
Chiou CT, Shoup TD and Porter PE 1985. Mechanistic roles of soil humus and
minerals in the sorption of nonionic organic compounds from aqueous and
organic solutions. Org. Geochem. 8, 9-14.
Wershaw, R.L. 1986. A new model for humic materials and their interactions
with hydrophobic organic chemicals.... J Contamin. Hydrol. 1, 29-45.
Andrew.
--------------------------------==O==--------------------------------
Andrew Rate (rate@uniwa.uwa.edu.au)
Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Group, University of Western Australia,
WA 6907, AUSTRALIA. Telephone: +61 9 380 2500 Fax: +61 9 380 1050
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Thu Sep 14 12:32 EDT 1995
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 1995 11:08:09 -0500
Message-Id: <199509141608.AA17205@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 365
Contents:
Re: Hydrocarbon in water (DON WAUCHOPE <DON@TIFTON.BITNET>)
Fluorescent tracer dye technology (mlamanna@nature.Berkeley.EDU (Mark Stephen Lamanna))
Re: Hydrocarbon in water (DON WAUCHOPE <DON@TIFTON.BITNET>)
CERES CALIBRATION ("T.MAVROMATIS" <T.Mavromatis@uea.ac.uk>)
Re: CERES CALIBRATION (Tom Hodges <thodges@beta.tricity.wsu.edu>)
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 95 22:27:59 EDT
From: DON WAUCHOPE <DON@TIFTON.BITNET>
Subject: Re: Hydrocarbon in water
On Mon, 11 Sep 1995 10:34:32 -0500 Judy Schofield said:
>I am writing to ask a few questions concerning the posts discussing
>the application of hydrocarbons to soil. Don Wauchope wrote
>that hydrocarbons in the low concentrations mentioned will adsorb
>to the soil. Can you tell me more about the nature of this adsorbption?
>Are the hydrocarbons bound to the soil ionically, tightly, reversibly?
>What component of the soil is the hydrocarbon adsorbed to and what
>component of the hydrocarbon is adsorbed to the soil? Are the hydro-
>carbons available to microorganisms after adsorption? Will the hydro-
>carbons remain in the soil surface layer? I am investigating the
>fate of condensed tannins (from willow leaf litter) during leaf litter
>decomposition, and have found some interesting interactions with soil.
>Thanks, Judy Schofield
Again assuming we are talking about nonpolar, nonreactive hydrocarbons such
as alkanes, the major adsorptive mechanism is a "hydrophobic" attraction of
the solutes to nonpolar constituents of the natural organic matter in the
soil. The attraction is approximately inversely proportional to the
solubility of the hydrocarbon, and proportional to the amount of OM present.
I am simplifying thigs quite a bit...try the book "Pesticides in the
Soil Environment: Processes, Impacts and Modeling" edited by H. H. Cheng
Soil Sci. Society of America Book series No. 2, 1990, SSSA, Madison, WI.
Don Wauchope
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 1995 19:50:11 -0700
From: mlamanna@nature.Berkeley.EDU (Mark Stephen Lamanna)
Subject: Fluorescent tracer dye technology
Hello,
My name is Marcus Lamanna. I am a graduate student researcher in soil
physics at the University of California at Berkeley. We are investigating
the mechanisms of preferential transport of solutes in porous media. My
question for my fellow list members goes like this:
"What is the state of the art in fluorescent tracer dye technology?"
Specifically, I am interested in the physical and chemical properties of
conservative (nonadsorbing) fluorescent tracer dyes like pyranine.
Details on the following would be appreciated:
--storage requirements
--handling and disposal requirements
--any references where these dyes have been applied or studied
--recommended suppliers
Thank you in advance for your responses,
Marcus
Soil Physics Group
Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management
108 Hilgard Hall
University of California at Berkeley
Berkeley, CA 94720
510-643-0956
********************************************************************************
"Einstein is loved because he is gentle, respected because he is wise.
Relativity being not for most of us, we elevate its author to a position
somewhere between Edison, who gave us a tangible gleam, and God, who gave us
the difficult dark and the hope of penetrating it." E. B. White
********************************************************************************
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 95 22:37:45 EDT
From: DON WAUCHOPE <DON@TIFTON.BITNET>
Subject: Re: Hydrocarbon in water
On Mon, 11 Sep 1995 12:16:54 -0500 Alain F Plante said:
>
>The fate of hydrocarbons in soil has been studied on a very limited scale.
>For the most part, the literature has examined a black-box phenomenon.
>The true physico-chemical fate of these compounds is for the most part
>unknown. The sorption of hydrocarbons to true soil particles (sand, silt
>and clay) most most likely occur through cation bridging, where a
>positively charge Al or Fe ion provides a bridge between the negatively
>charged functional group of the hydrocarbon and the negatively charged
>surface. Other possibilities include hydrogen bonding, van der Waals
>forces, etc.
>
>HOWEVER, the most likely scenario for hydrocarbon sorption in soil is not
>with the soil itself, but with soil organic matter. This process is far
>more likely since the hydrocarbons have limited water solubility and
>limited charge properties. The principle mechanism for the interaction
>would be through hydrophobic bonding. This is essentially a dissolution
>process whereby the hydrocarbon is dissolved into the humic substances. I
>have done a limited literature review of this process in relation to
>non-ionic pesticides and there seems to be little understanding of the
>process and its various factors. Hydrocarbons are surely similar in that
>they would be intimately bound into the organic fraction.
>
>Now, as a side-bar to this; has anyone out there been able to measure
>residual oil and grease in soils on a small scale. I have examined the
>use of Soxhlet and supercritical extractions, but the sample sizes are
>too small to measure mass differences. Any suggestions?
>
>Alain Plante
>Dept. Land Resource Science
>University of Guelph
>Canada
>
Well, Alain, I sent off my short reply about hydrophobic bonding before
reading yours. I see we generally agree although I have not previously
seen the distinction you make between "true" soil particles (mineral
only) and soil organic matter. Surely OM should be considered a natural
part of soil? I remember that Harry Pionke once said to me that a clean
clay particle will be as rare in nature as a free radical. It will adsorb
polar materials strongly but eventually a coating of less polar material
may form.
By the way, why not extract larger soil samples? There have been some
ingenious experiments in which the effect of OM removal by extraction and
other processes such as H2O2 treatment on nonpolar organic sorptivity have
been measured. Kermit La Fleur did some interesting things in Soil Sci
around 1980; my favorite is by Shin et al J. Ag. Food Chem. 18:1129-33
(1970); they did mild organic solvent extraction effects on DDT adsorption
and found it could either increase or decrease sorption, depending on what
was ther to compete. Notice that I'm mostly quoting pesticide work; there
is a very large literature on soil sorption of pesticides.
Don Wauchope
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 1995 13:13:22 BST
From: "T.MAVROMATIS" <T.Mavromatis@uea.ac.uk>
Subject: CERES CALIBRATION
Hi All,
I am a Ph. D student working at the Climatic Research Unit at the University
of East Anglia with P. D. Jones. For my thesis I am studying the impacts of
climate change on wheat through the use of crop climate models.
A major part of my research would be the application of AFRCWHEAT2, EPIC and
CERES-Wheat in France.
I have some experimental data from some sites in central France and I
am working on calibration and validation of CERES to these areas. I have
some questions concerning the way I should work:
a) should the model's genetic coefficient be calibrated in one site and then
applied unchanged to the others or they should be recalibrated for
every site ? Please keep in your mind that my plantings date spanning from
the early of October to eerly of December and the same cultivar is used for
every site the same years.I have been trying to keep all of them constant
and change only the phyllochron which varies a lot but it hasn't worked
so succesfully.
b) Does anyone out there has any information about the wheat cultivar Soissons
which is used in france after 1990 ?
c) The only informations i have about the soils of my sites is the % silt
and their capacity in water (water reserve). For example in one site
my soil contains 40 % silt and it is a water reserve of 75mm H2O. Could
this soil be a deep one or should my choices be limited to only shallow
ones ?
Any response would be greatly appreciated.
Theodoros Mavromatis
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 1995 07:20:41 -0700 (PDT)
From: Tom Hodges <thodges@beta.tricity.wsu.edu>
Subject: Re: CERES CALIBRATION
Ideally genetic coefficients should be used unchanged accross all sites.
If a variety doesn't respond properly with those coefficients at some
sites, then some critical factor has been ignored. It would be a
service to let the modeling community know about such a result. Very
likely some adjustment will be needed, try to guess at what
environmental factors are responsible for this.
Tom
Tom Hodges, Cropping Systems Modeler
USDA-ARS email: thodges@beta.tricity.wsu.edu
Rt. 2, Box 2953-A voice: 509-786-9207
Prosser, WA 99350 USA Fax: 509-786-9370
== ## Rent this space ## ==
If this represents anything, it is only my opinion.
On Thu, 14 Sep 1995, T.MAVROMATIS wrote:
> I have some experimental data from some sites in central France and I
> am working on calibration and validation of CERES to these areas. I have
> some questions concerning the way I should work:
>
> a) should the model's genetic coefficient be calibrated in one site and then
> applied unchanged to the others or they should be recalibrated for
> every site ? Please keep in your mind that my plantings date spanning from
> the early of October to eerly of December and the same cultivar is used for
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Fri Sep 15 12:52 EDT 1995
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 1995 11:26:40 -0500
Message-Id: <199509151626.AA16420@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 366
Contents:
Request for references... (cbrown@charon.engga.uwo.ca (Catharine Brown))
Re: Needs help (James Smyle & Joan Miller <hamilton@sol.racsa.co.cr>)
New book - "The Soul of Soil" (agaccess@pa.mother.com (David Katz))
Re: Hi (TBayless@aol.com)
Re: New book - "The Soul of Soil" (Ibrahim Ortas <asportas@reading.ac.uk>)
Re: Hi (jgw4@cornell.edu (Jeffrey G. White))
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 1995 15:25:07 -0400
From: cbrown@charon.engga.uwo.ca (Catharine Brown)
Subject: Request for references...
Hello
These are some references pertaining to hydrocarbons in soils. Please feel
free to contact me if there are any questions.
Catharine
Fernandez, F., and Quigley, R.M., 1988. Viscosity and dielectric constant
controls on the hydraulic conductivity of clayey soils permeated with
water-soluble organics. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp.
582-589.
Fernandez, F. and Quigley, R.M., 1985. Hydraulic conductivity of natural
clays permeated with simple liquid hydrocarbons. Canadian Geotechnical
Journal, Vol. 22, pp. 205-214.
Quigley, R.M. and Fernandez, F., 1989. Clay/organic interactions and their
effect on the hydraulic conductivity of barrier clays. Contaminant
Transport in Groundwater. Eds. Kobu and Kinzelbach, Balkema, Rotterdam, pp.
117-124.
Quigley, R.M. and Fernandez, F., 1991, Hydrocarbon liquids and clay
microstructure in Microstructure of Fine-grained Sediments: Bennett, R.H.,
Bryant, W.R. and Hulbert, M.H.eds. Springer-Verlag, pp. 469-474.
Quigley, R.M. and Fernandez, F., 19 , Effect of organic liquids on the
hydraulic conductivity of natural clays
Shelbourn, M.A.B., 1993. Properties of Hydrated Bentonite for Soil-Bentonite
Cutoff Walls. M.E.Sc. Thesis, The University of Western Ontario, London,
Canada, 332 pp.
Shelbourn, M.A.B. and Quigley, R.M., 1994, Permeation of slurried bentonite
and soil-bentonite materials with organic solvents. Unpublished. University
of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 1995 16:30:40 +0600 (GMT)
From: James Smyle & Joan Miller <hamilton@sol.racsa.co.cr>
Subject: Re: Needs help
I would suggest using Vetiveria zizanioides (a densely tufted bunch
grass) to establish a few contour vegetative barriers to slow runoff and
capture eroded particles. It has been used with great success in your
part of the world (and throughout the tropics for that matter). You can
find out more by contacting:
Tony Tantum
P.O. Box 167
Howick 3290
Tel: (0332) 30-5630
You should have no problem getting material from Tony and some advice
on how to use it. If you try it, get in touch with Dick Grimshaw (15
Wirt St, Leesburg, VA, USA) who runs the Vetiver Network...he would
appreciate any photos and information you might generate.
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 1995 15:41:20 -0700
From: agaccess@pa.mother.com (David Katz)
Subject: New book - "The Soul of Soil"
******************************************************
NEW BOOK EXPLAINS
ECOLOGICAL SOIL MANAGEMENT
******************************************************
"The Soul of Soil: A Guide to Ecological Soil Management," by Grace
Gershuny and Joe Smillie, is now available in a new, extensively revised
third edition. A practical introduction to managing soil for long-term
productivity, this reference provides useful guidelines for making
management decisions based on ecological principles, with minimal reliance
on "off-farm" fertilizers.
Sustainable agriculture aims to protect the soil's ability to
regenerate nutrients lost when crops are harvested. This regenerative
capacity depends on the diversity, health and vitality of the organisms
that live, grow, reproduce, and die in the soil.
The goal of ecological soil management is to enhance conditions for
the billions of microbes found in every gram of healthy soil. These
microscopic organisms supply plants with the necessary nutrients at the
right time, and in the right form and amount.
The authors describe good management of soil organic matter and
humus to achieve long-lasting soil fertility. These methods include the use
of green manures, crop rotations, on-farm composting, and mineral
fertilizers. Detailed information is given to help the farmer with
everything from collecting soil samples to using practical, on-farm tests
that measure soil structure, water-holding capacity, and fertility.
This guide also tells farmers how to improve their skills of
observation, evaluation and management, as they must when reliance on
purchased inputs is reduced. Specific "how-to" information is given for
monitoring and analysis of many practices, such as application of composts
and manures, interpreting soil test results, and crop responses to
different fertility programs.
In addition to soilbuilding techniques, "The Soul of Soil"
discusses recordkeeping, cultivation, weed control, maintaining nutrient
balances, and soil testing. For those who are considering or have already
implemented organic certification, this book will aid in planning farm
operations.
The authors are experienced farmers, farm advisors and writers. Joe
Smillie has worked worldwide as a consultant in ecological agriculture
since 1976. He is co-author of "The Orchard Almanac." Grace Gershuny edited
"Organic Farmer: The Digest of Sustainable Agriculture" from 1990 to 1994,
and recently joined the staff of the USDA's National Organic Program to
implement its accreditation program for organic certification.
"The Soul of Soil" includes many tables, a glossary, lists of
resources, and a bibliography. Published by agAccess, the 158 page book
sells for $16.95, softcover. To order, send a check for the cover price
plus $4.00 shipping & handling (Californians please add 7.25% sales tax)
to:
agAccess
P.O. Box 2008
Davis, CA 95616.
MasterCard, Visa and purchase orders are accepted. Telephone Monday
through Friday 9am to 5:30pm PST and Saturdays 10am to 4pm PST (916)
756-7177. Email to agaccess@davis.com or fax to (916) 756-7188.
Free review copies are available to editors or journalists wishing
to review the book for publication. Please send mail (snail or E) to
agAccess for review information and a copy of the book if you are
interested.
******************************************************
PLEASE DISTRIBUTE
******************************************************
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 1995 22:15:29 -0400
From: TBayless@aol.com
Subject: Re: Hi
Will somebody help me get out of this place? Soils has become Alice's rabbit
hole. Need to bail on this mailing list and have tried everything short of
force. Please advise asap.
Regards,
tbayless
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 1995 09:23:16 +0100 (BST)
From: Ibrahim Ortas <asportas@reading.ac.uk>
Subject: Re: New book - "The Soul of Soil"
On Thu, 14 Sep 1995, David Katz wrote:
> ******************************************************
> NEW BOOK EXPLAINS
> ECOLOGICAL SOIL MANAGEMENT
> ******************************************************
>
> "The Soul of Soil: A Guide to Ecological Soil Management," by Grace
> Gershuny and Joe Smillie, is now available in a new, extensively revised
> third edition. A practical introduction to managing soil for long-term
> productivity, this reference provides useful guidelines for making
> management decisions based on ecological principles, with minimal reliance
> on "off-farm" fertilizers.
>
> Sustainable agriculture aims to protect the soil's ability to
> regenerate nutrients lost when crops are harvested. This regenerative
> capacity depends on the diversity, health and vitality of the organisms
> that live, grow, reproduce, and die in the soil.
>
> The goal of ecological soil management is to enhance conditions for
> the billions of microbes found in every gram of healthy soil. These
> microscopic organisms supply plants with the necessary nutrients at the
> right time, and in the right form and amount.
>
> The authors describe good management of soil organic matter and
> humus to achieve long-lasting soil fertility. These methods include the use
> of green manures, crop rotations, on-farm composting, and mineral
> fertilizers. Detailed information is given to help the farmer with
> everything from collecting soil samples to using practical, on-farm tests
> that measure soil structure, water-holding capacity, and fertility.
>
> This guide also tells farmers how to improve their skills of
> observation, evaluation and management, as they must when reliance on
> purchased inputs is reduced. Specific "how-to" information is given for
> monitoring and analysis of many practices, such as application of composts
> and manures, interpreting soil test results, and crop responses to
> different fertility programs.
>
> In addition to soilbuilding techniques, "The Soul of Soil"
> discusses recordkeeping, cultivation, weed control, maintaining nutrient
> balances, and soil testing. For those who are considering or have already
> implemented organic certification, this book will aid in planning farm
> operations.
>
> The authors are experienced farmers, farm advisors and writers. Joe
> Smillie has worked worldwide as a consultant in ecological agriculture
> since 1976. He is co-author of "The Orchard Almanac." Grace Gershuny edited
> "Organic Farmer: The Digest of Sustainable Agriculture" from 1990 to 1994,
> and recently joined the staff of the USDA's National Organic Program to
> implement its accreditation program for organic certification.
>
> "The Soul of Soil" includes many tables, a glossary, lists of
> resources, and a bibliography. Published by agAccess, the 158 page book
> sells for $16.95, softcover. To order, send a check for the cover price
> plus $4.00 shipping & handling (Californians please add 7.25% sales tax)
> to:
>
> agAccess
> P.O. Box 2008
> Davis, CA 95616.
>
> MasterCard, Visa and purchase orders are accepted. Telephone Monday
> through Friday 9am to 5:30pm PST and Saturdays 10am to 4pm PST (916)
> 756-7177. Email to agaccess@davis.com or fax to (916) 756-7188.
>
> Free review copies are available to editors or journalists wishing
> to review the book for publication. Please send mail (snail or E) to
> agAccess for review information and a copy of the book if you are
> interested.
>
> ******************************************************
> PLEASE DISTRIBUTE
> ******************************************************
>
>
>
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 1995 08:33:34 -0400
From: jgw4@cornell.edu (Jeffrey G. White)
Subject: Re: Hi
>Will somebody help me get out of this place?>
tbayless,
Have you tried this? Good luck.
* Finally, to unsubscribe from the list, send mail to
> "listserv@unl.edu" with
>
> unsubscribe soils-l
>
> in the body of the message. You will no long receive mail from the group
> and cannot send mail to the group.
>
Jeffrey G. White, Ph.D.
Soil, Crop, and Atmospheric Sciences/Cornell University
USDA Plant, Soil, & Nutrition Laboratory
Tower Road
Ithaca, NY 14853-2901
USA
Telephone: 607-255-2179
FAX: 607-255-2459
email: jgw4@cornell.edu
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Sat Sep 16 12:52 EDT 1995
Date: Sat, 16 Sep 1995 11:26:40 -0500
Message-Id: <199509161626.AA16420@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 367
Contents:
Subject: SOILS-L digest 367 NOT RECEIVED
Date: Fri, 15 Sep 1995 15:25:07 -0400
From: AB4EL <modena@SunSITE.unc.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 367 NOT RECEIVED
SOILS-L digest 367 NOT RECEIVED
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Sun Sep 17 16:36 EST 1995
Date: Sun, 17 Sep 1995 11:27:46 -0500
Message-Id: <199509171627.AA15235@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 368
Contents:
Re: Hydrocarbon in water (Redhaird1@aol.com)
Date: Sat, 16 Sep 1995 14:20:27 -0400
From: Redhaird1@aol.com
Subject: Re: Hydrocarbon in water
S. Pini - could you be more specific with your description of the hydrocarbon
in question. Hydrocarbons are a broad class of compounds and we would need
more information to respond to your request.
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Mon Sep 18 16:38 EST 1995
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 1995 11:28:21 -0500
Message-Id: <199509181628.AA00871@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 369
Contents:
unsubscribe (FRunyan@aol.com)
Re: Fluorescent tracer dye technology (DON WAUCHOPE <DON@TIFTON.BITNET>)
Date: Sun, 17 Sep 1995 21:11:38 -0400
From: FRunyan@aol.com
Subject: unsubscribe
unsubscribe
Date: Sun, 17 Sep 95 22:42:09 EDT
From: DON WAUCHOPE <DON@TIFTON.BITNET>
Subject: Re: Fluorescent tracer dye technology
On Wed, 13 Sep 1995 22:08:53 -0500 Mark Stephen Lamanna said:
>Hello,
> My name is Marcus Lamanna. I am a graduate student researcher in soil
>physics at the University of California at Berkeley. We are investigating
>the mechanisms of preferential transport of solutes in porous media. My
>question for my fellow list members goes like this:
>
> "What is the state of the art in fluorescent tracer dye technology?"
>
...(snip)
Try R. S. Bowman: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 48:987-93 (84)
Water Resources Res. 22:1531-36 (86)
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Tue Sep 19 13:24 EDT 1995
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 1995 12:07:49 -0500
Message-Id: <199509191707.AA24352@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 370
Contents:
Wageningen Visit ("Peter J. Harris" <P.J.Harris@reading.ac.uk>)
Biodiversity refs. (Guy Yeates <YEATES@cabi.msm.cgnet.com>)
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 1995 11:31:17 +0100 (BST)
From: "Peter J. Harris" <P.J.Harris@reading.ac.uk>
Subject: Wageningen Visit
I am a lecturer at Reading University and will be visiting Wageningen
this week on Friday and Saturday 22nd and 23rd September.
I would be grateful for the opportunity to meet with soil microbial
ecologists or microbial population diversity workers on either day.
I can be contacted on this address until early evening on Wednesday or by
leaving a message for Dr P J Harris at the International Soils Research
and Information Centre (ISRIC) which will be my first port of call on Friday.
I am with a group of postgraduate students who will be taken out in the
field by Ing Helenius Rogaar of ther Department of Geology and Soils at
Wageningen.
Best wishes,
Dr Peter Harris (Microbial Ecology and VAM)
Department of Soil Science,
The University of Reading,
Whiteknights, Reading, UK.
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 1995 16:44:00 -0700 (PDT)
From: Guy Yeates <YEATES@cabi.msm.cgnet.com>
Subject: Biodiversity refs.
Thank you to whoever supplied the following reference :
H.P. Collins, G.P. Robertson & M.J. Klug (eds.)
"The significance and regulation of soil biodiversity,"
1995. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
For anyone else with an interest in soil biodiversity I have recently been
preparing abstracts of papers from the 1994 15th World Congress of Soil
Science in Acapulco, Mexico: (Commission III Symposium ID-14 'soils and
biodiversity')
A couple of papers that I found particularly interesting include:
"The functional significance of biodiversity in soils"
by Lee, K. E. (CSIRO)
"Linkages between soil biodiversity and above-ground plant performance"
by Moldenke A, R. (Oregon State University)
Also "BIOLINKS" No 6(?) - an electronic newsletter available from the
ERIN web site has an interesting article by Clive Kirkby (CSIRO Division of
Soils) entitled "Biodiversity , soil, and ecologically sustainable
development"
Guy
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Wed Sep 20 13:32 EDT 1995
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 1995 12:21:26 -0500
Message-Id: <199509201721.AA19006@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 371
Contents:
New list member introduction (David Wenig <dwenig@ariel.ucs.unimelb.EDU.AU>)
PValcohol degradation ("Peter J. Harris" <P.J.Harris@reading.ac.uk>)
Re: New list member introduction (ird927705@rccvax.ait.ac.th (S. Pathmarajah))
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 1995 15:40:19 +1000 (AEST)
From: David Wenig <dwenig@ariel.ucs.unimelb.EDU.AU>
Subject: New list member introduction
Hello,
my name is David Wenig. I am currently completing my M Sc in Hydrogeology
and Environmental Science at the University of Melbourne, Australia.
I have joined this list in the hope that I will be able to obtain some
help in my research where I have a small problem of carrying out a
multi-disciplined research project which involves soil science (a new
area to myself) and hydrogeology. I am currently working on the
adsorption characteristics of pesticides, using soils taken from
northern Victoria (SE Australia). The pesticides targeted have been
found in groundwaters of irrigation districts that are undergoing a
dewatering scheme to control high water table levels and increasing
salinisation of water supplies which threatens food production in the
area.
I have completed numerous data base searches to find articles detailing
methodologies for the completion of "batch tests" in order to construct
adsorption isotherms for the pesticides and soils involved. I am as yet
to find a paper that discusses METHODOLOGY to any great extent and I
would appreciate it if someone would be able to point me in the direction
of a reference or two which may give me assistance.
Thanks for your anticipated response(s).
David Wenig
/-\/^\
School of Earth Sciences [ ]
University of Melbourne \/--\x/
PARKVILLE VIC 3052 v
AUSTRALIA
Ph: 613 9344 6911
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 1995 11:37:51 +0100 (BST)
From: "Peter J. Harris" <P.J.Harris@reading.ac.uk>
Subject: PValcohol degradation
> > ==========
> > mail/messages #2485, from Bart.Bergquist@uni.edu, 1206 chars, Tue, 19
> Sep 1995 21:15:40 -0500 (CDT)
> > ----------
> > From Bart.Bergquist@uni.edu Wed Sep 20 03:28:44 1995
> > Received: from cobra.uni.edu (cobra.uni.edu [134.161.1.11]) by
> tom.compulink.co.uk (8.6.9/8.6.9) with ESMTP id DAA01638 for
> <ecoli@cix.compulink.co.uk>; Wed, 20 Sep 1995 03:28:44 +0100
> > Received: from uni.edu by uni.edu (PMDF V5.0-4 #12290)
> > id <01HVH34TXGS08WWRI9@uni.edu> for ecoli@cix.compulink.co.uk; Tue,
> > 19 Sep 1995 21:15:40 -0500 (CDT)
> > Date: Tue, 19 Sep 1995 21:15:40 -0500 (CDT)
> > Subject: PVA Pseudomonas
> > To: ecoli@cix.compulink.co.uk
> > Message-id: <01HVH34U1VYA8WWRI9@uni.edu>
> > X-VMS-To: IN%"ecoli@cix.compulink.co.uk"
> > MIME-version: 1.0
> > Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
> > From: Bart.Bergquist@uni.edu
> > Apparently-To: ecoli@cix.compulink.co.uk
> >
> >
> > Peter:
> >
> > Thank you for the reply and offer to assist in finding a good PVA
> > degrading microbe. We have looked at some of the sources from Japan
> > but have not yet clearly identified a bug to do what we are hoping to
> > do. We hope to locate a bacterial species which can be maintained in
> > a long term fermentor culture and will use PVA as a carbon source.
> > Any pointers, recent references, sources information etc will be
> > appreciated.
> >
> > Thanks again,
> >
> > Bart Bergquist
> > Univ. Northern Iowa
> > Cedar Falls, IA
> > USA
>
>
Dear Bart, all this info is very old as this was a program from 20 years
back.
The culture was Pseudomonas O-3 from:
Fermentation Research Institute,
Agency of Industrial Science and Technology,
Ministry of International Trade and Industry,
Inage-higashi 5-8-1
Chiba City, Japan.
The scientist responsible was a Dr Tomoo Suzuki.
This was all in 1975 so the trail will be pretty cold by now and most of
the institutions have probably changed. They were (when we were dealing
with them) about to patent the strain.
We published a short communication:
Preliminary Investigation into the biodegradability of polyvinyl alcohol
and polyvinyl acetate.
A.Young and P.J.Harris (1976)
Med. Fac. Landbouww. Rijksuniv.Gent 41/1-1976
There is a paper by Suzuki:
Suzuki,T, Yoshihiro, I., Yamada, M and Tonomura,K. 1973
Some characteristics of Pseudomonas O-3 which utilises polyvinyl alcohol.
Agr. Biol. Chem. Vol 37(4), 747.
Another ref is Van der Toom,J. 1969
The biodeterioration of vinyl polymers and plasticisers.
Zbl.Bakt.Abt.(11), Vol 123, 101
Zwick, M.M. 1965
Polyvinyl alcohol - Iodine complexes
J.Appl. Polymer Science. Vol 9, 2393
I include the last because we used an iodine-PVA method to follow
degradation, worked well on an autoanalyser. (It is a glorified starch
iodine colour reaction).
The problem we had was that O-3 would rather use almost anything esle
than PVA and when it did it took a long time (6 weeks) to get PVA
degradation going again. This meant that even in sterile soil there was
often enough alternative substrate available to make O-3 turn up its nose
at PVA.
Two other points (1) I have a nasty suspicion that the long period needed
for O-3 to adapt to PVA was related to the fact the PVA molecules were
large AND very uniform. It might take six weeks for chemical and physical
effects to release enough monomers or short fragments to trigger the
enzyme system. We were keen to check this but could not recover any
activity from our culture.
(2) We had problems with our polyvinyl alcohol supplies in that some of
them contained quite significant quantities of sodium acetate. This
caused two problems - it was an alternative energy source (so PVA-ase
switched off) - also as it was rapidly degraded the pH shoots up.
Once our O-3 got going it was pretty effective and really got at the
backbone. Other organisms we tried only nibbled off the odd acetate side
chain.
I have looked (as you probably have) in our UK culture collection list
for industrial bacteria but cannot really find anything that is selected
for PV alcohol.
Best wishes Bart. I'm only sorry that this information is so old, hoever,
I would very much like to know how you get on with the project.
Peter Harris
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 1995 23:28:50 -0700
From: ird927705@rccvax.ait.ac.th (S. Pathmarajah)
Subject: Re: New list member introduction
Dear David,
Herewith I am furnishing two references which me be of interest to
you. The co-author of the first paper Dr. Sethunathan is well
experienced in this field. You may contact him directly for further
assistance. Unfortunately, I do not have his e-mail account. His
postal address is as follows:
Dr. N. Sethunathan
Principal Scientist
Central Rice Research Institute
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)
Cuttack - 753 006 (Orissa)
India.
The references are:
1. Wahid, P. A and N. Sethunathan. 1978. A simple method to study
pesticide sorption in soils at short time intervals. Soil
Sc. Vol 126, No.1:56-58.
2. Green, R. E. and J. C. Corey. 1971. Pesticide adsorption
measurement by flow equilibration and subsequent
displacement. Soil Sc. Soc. Proc., 35: 561-565.
The references are rather old, however, the principle remains the
same.
I found the following reference (3) to be very useful to me in
obtaining approximate values of pesticide-soil-water related
parameters for various soils. The book does not give any
methodology. The book includes bibliographical references and
indexes.
3. Montgomery, J. H. 1993. Agrochemicals desk reference:
environmental data. Lewis Publishers. London.
Hope this helps.
With best wishes for your success.
S. Pathmarajah
Doctoral Candidate
Irrigation Engineering and Management Program
Asian Institute of Technology
Bangkok, Thailand
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Thu Sep 21 14:07 EDT 1995
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 1995 12:54:15 -0500
Message-Id: <199509211754.AA19318@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 372
Contents:
Soil Quality Workshop ("RICHARD MACEWAN" <RJM@fs3.ballarat.edu.au>)
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 1995 10:25:57 GMT+1000
From: "RICHARD MACEWAN" <RJM@fs3.ballarat.edu.au>
Subject: Soil Quality Workshop
SOIL QUALITY WORKSHOP - Ballarat Australia
We are planning to host a workshop on soil quality/soil health in
late March/early April 1996 here at Ballarat to coincide with a visit
by Dr Martin Carter from Agriculture Canada. If anyone knows of
anything else that we should be aware of at that time which might
conflict, could they please notify us? Also anyone who can supply
information on workshops/conference sessions that have been held on
this topic please let us have details. We also welcome advice on
format and potential participants.
The workshop will be arranged through our Centre for Environmental
Mangagement. The contact is Paul Ryan who can be found at:
pryan@fs3.ballarat.edu.au.
Richard MacEwan
Alcoa lecturer in land rehabilitation
School of Science, University of Ballarat, PO Box 663
Ballarat 3353 AUSTRALIA
rjm@fs3.ballarat.edu.au
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Fri Sep 22 18:12 EDT 1995
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 1995 17:02:21 -0500
Message-Id: <199509222202.AA23324@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 373
Contents:
Introducing new subscriber (Graeme D Buchan <BUCHAN@tui.lincoln.ac.nz>)
Measuring moisture by TDR in strongly attenuating media (Graeme D Buchan <BUCHAN@tui.lincoln.ac.nz>)
Date: Sat, 23 Sep 1995 09:40:57 +1200
From: Graeme D Buchan <BUCHAN@tui.lincoln.ac.nz>
Subject: Introducing new subscriber
From: Dr Graeme Buchan, Reader in Soil & Environmental Physics,
Dept of Soil Science, PO Box 84, Lincoln University, New Zealand
Tel 64 3 3252 811 Fax 64 3 3253 607
`Gidday' from Downunder,
I am an environmental physicist reseearching and teaching in the
following areas:
SOILS: soil water monitoring, irrigation scheduling, property-
composition relationships, soil temperature and heat flow.
CLIMATE: micrometeorology, surface energy balance, UV radiation
PLANTS: plant physics (spray-leaf interactions, UV effects),
agroforestry
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: Environmental Education, waste management,
compost monitoring
Key thought from an `Earth appreciator':
Only 10% of Earth's land surfaces are salt-affected.
The remaining 90% (including arable/grazing lands which nourish and
sustain humans) have been rendered non-salt-affected largely via the
flushing action of the hydrological cycle. If Earth (the only watery
planet) had more land and less ocean, the diminished land
precipitation would have lead to greater salt-affected areas.
Is the 70% / 30% ocean / land split optimal for Earth's hydrological
cycle ?
Thankyou,
Graeme Buchan
Date: Sat, 23 Sep 1995 09:41:46 +1200
From: Graeme D Buchan <BUCHAN@tui.lincoln.ac.nz>
Subject: Measuring moisture by TDR in strongly attenuating media
To : soils-l subscribers (especially soil physicists)
From: Dr Graeme Buchan, Reader in Soil & Environmental Physics,
Dept of Soil Science, PO Box 84, Lincoln University, New Zealand
Fax 64 3 3253 607
`Gidday' from Downunder,
Does anyone have experience of the development or use of TDR (Time-
Domain Reflectometry) technology to measure moisture content in
strongly attenuating media?
My specific interest is in measuring the moisture content in
fermenting compost, i.e. during the active stages of the composting
process, when the medium is replete with microbial decomposers
(`little rotters').
Could you please advise me asap, or mail me any relevant
publications.
(I have already posted this request on the TDR-L listserver).
Thankyou,
Graeme Buchan
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Sat Sep 23 18:12 EDT 1995
Date: Sat, 23 Sep 1995 17:03:18 -0500
Message-Id: <199509232203.AA03484@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 374
Contents:
(STEPHEN DOUGLAS <sd94ch@badger.ac.BrockU.CA>)
Re: New list member introduction (DON WAUCHOPE <DON@TIFTON.BITNET>)
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 1995 22:57:18 -0400 (EDT)
From: STEPHEN DOUGLAS <sd94ch@badger.ac.BrockU.CA>
Subject:
subscribe soils-l sd94ch
Date: Sat, 23 Sep 95 16:34:58 EDT
From: DON WAUCHOPE <DON@TIFTON.BITNET>
Subject: Re: New list member introduction
On Wed, 20 Sep 1995 00:35:48 -0500 David Wenig said:
>Hello,
>
>my name is David Wenig. I am currently completing my M Sc in Hydrogeology
>and Environmental Science at the University of Melbourne, Australia.
...(snip)
>.. I am currently working on the
>adsorption characteristics of pesticides, using soils taken from
>northern Victoria (SE Australia). The pesticides targeted have been
>found in groundwaters of irrigation districts that are undergoing a
>dewatering scheme to control high water table levels and increasing
>salinisation of water supplies which threatens food production in the
>area.
>
>I have completed numerous data base searches to find articles detailing
>methodologies for the completion of "batch tests" in order to construct
>adsorption isotherms for the pesticides and soils involved. I am as yet
>to find a paper that discusses METHODOLOGY to any great extent and I
>would appreciate it if someone would be able to point me in the direction
>of a reference or two which may give me assistance.
>David Wenig
>
David: the classic reference on the subject of pesticide sorption by soils
(and still unsurpassed IMHO) is Chapter 2 in "Organic Chemicals in the Soil
Environment" Published by Marcel Dekker--in 1972, which may be too early to
make into the hitech databases! The authors are J.W. Hamaker and J.M.
Thompson. However, there is, as I recall, not too much on methods. There is
some good information in "Research Methods in Weed Science" published by the
Southern Weed Science Society (2nd Ed,, 1977, Ed. by Bryan Truelove) and I
imagine there should be something in Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological
Properties, of "Methods of Soil Analysis" Ed. by A. L. Page and published by
the Amer. Soc. Agronomy (I have loaned my copy). Really, the best way to
get a method is to check specific papers. J. Ag. Fd. Chem, Environ. Sci.
Tech., J. Environ Qual. are all good sources.
Don Wauchope
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Sun Sep 24 18:14 EDT 1995
Date: Sun, 24 Sep 1995 17:04:16 -0500
Message-Id: <199509242204.AA12187@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 375
Contents:
Test mail... (ird927705@rccvax.ait.ac.th (S. Pathmarajah))
Re: Test mail... (picardf@CAM.ORG (Florent Picard))
Re: Test mail... (alexc@salt.ind.dpi.qld.gov.au (Lex Cogle))
Albrecht and Reams fertility (steved@ncatfyv.uark.edu (Steve Diver))
Intro - Andy Smith (andrews@apsrusg.sth.dpi.qld.gov.au (Andy Smith))
Date: Sun, 24 Sep 1995 09:19:20 -0700
From: ird927705@rccvax.ait.ac.th (S. Pathmarajah)
Subject: Test mail...
Dear netters,
This is only a test mail. I feel two of my postings (including my introductory
mail) were not circulated to the list, because, I never received my own copy
of my messages or any response from the others.
Can some one inform me whether this mail reached the list or not.
Sorry for the trouble.
Regards
Pathmarajah
Date: Sat, 23 Sep 1995 22:32:10 -0400
From: picardf@CAM.ORG (Florent Picard)
Subject: Re: Test mail...
>
>Dear netters,
>
>This is only a test mail. I feel two of my postings (including my introductory
>mail) were not circulated to the list, because, I never received my own copy
>of my messages or any response from the others.
>
>Can some one inform me whether this mail reached the list or not.
>
>Sorry for the trouble.
>
>Regards
>Pathmarajah
>
>
Dear Pathmarajah:
i received your letter 5 seconds ago.
Regards,
Mr. Florent Picard
picardf@cam.org
http://www.cam.org/~picardf/
"If you're not no.1, you're zero."
Date: Sun, 24 Sep 95 13:02:33 EST
From: alexc@salt.ind.dpi.qld.gov.au (Lex Cogle)
Subject: Re: Test mail...
The message was received in Australia
>
>Dear netters,
>
>This is only a test mail. I feel two of my postings (including my introductory
>mail) were not circulated to the list, because, I never received my own copy
>of my messages or any response from the others.
>
>Can some one inform me whether this mail reached the list or not.
>
>Sorry for the trouble.
>
>Regards
>Pathmarajah
>
>
Lex Cogle
Natural Resource Management
Dept. of Primary Industries
PO Box 1054
Peters St.
Mareeba 4880 Qld AUSTRALIA
email: alexc@salt.ind.dpi.qld.gov.au
or coglel@dpi.qld.gov.au
Phone :0061-70-928555
Fax : 0061-70-523593
email : alexc@salt.ind.dpi.qld.gov.au
Date: Sat, 23 Sep 1995 23:28:03 -0500 (CDT)
From: steved@ncatfyv.uark.edu (Steve Diver)
Subject: Albrecht and Reams fertility
Soil Scientists,
What can you say about the soil fertility concepts and practices
advocated by the late Drs. William Albrecht and Carey Reams?
I have access to literature and know of several alternative
soil labs and consultants who work within the framework
of these fertility systems, but want to know what
ASA/SSSA members can offer in support of or against
these methods.
On another level, to the extent that these consultants are
working with farmers who manage well over 1 million acres of
farmland via these alternative fertility practices, why doesn't
this garner more interest amongst soil scientists?
Specifically, what about:
The Morgan Soil Test, published as a Univ. of CT Agric.
Experiment Station Bulletin decades ago. How common
is this in soil labs these days?
The LaMotte Soil Test
The Morgan Universal Soil Extract
The Albrecht method of cation balancing, with Ca:Mg at
an optimum ratio of 7:1, etc.
The Reams concept of Biological Theory of Ionization,
which says plants derive energy from the resistance between
elements
The concept of anionic (vegetative) and cationic (fruiting)
phases of plant growth, as per Reams
Importance of rock phosphate and hi-calcium lime
The use of an electrical conductivity meter to evaluate
soil energy (ERGS=Energy Released per Second per Gram of
Soil)
The use of a refractometer to monitor sugar content of
leaves, to predict tolerance to pests and devise
foliar feeds
Radionics, or the use of radionic instruments as a
bioassay/diagnostic tool in fertility programs, used by
practitioners of Reams
I am working on a publication that will summarize these
alternative practices, and any insights, research, or citations you
can offer will be appreciated.
Thanks!
Steve Diver
Fayetteville, AR
U.S.A.
Date: Sun, 24 Sep 1995 11:42:14 GMT
From: andrews@apsrusg.sth.dpi.qld.gov.au (Andy Smith)
Subject: Intro - Andy Smith
G'day,
I'm an Ag Engineer, currently enrolled in a M.AppSci at the University of
Queensland - Gatton College. However I work with APSRU (Agricultural
Production Systems Research Unit) which is a joint group of QDPI and CSIRO
based in Toowoomba. (Queensland Dept of Primary Industries & Commonwealth
Scientific and Industrial Research Organization)
Currently looking at effects of soil erosion on changes in soil water and
nitrogen in native pasture grazing systems in Qld.
I'm working within the APSIM (Agricultural Production SIMulator) framework.
Also looking at GRASP (GRASs Production) model.
For Eng proj looked at the ASTC (Australin Soil Temperature - Cereals)
model. Would like to hear from people who have used or are using this model
re accuracy, reliability, improvements, calibrations... May be looking at
it again for improving soil N modelling.
Yours Andy
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Andy Smith Agricultural Production Systems Research Unit
(076) 314 421 (w) 203 Tor Street
(076) 332 678 (fax) P.O. Box 102, Toowoomba, QLD 4350
andrews@apsrusg.sth.dpi.qld.gov.au
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Tue Sep 26 20:15 EDT 1995
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 1995 19:05:03 -0500
Message-Id: <199509270005.AA26286@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 376
Contents:
"Healthy Harvest Directory" update (agaccess@pa.mother.com)
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 1995 17:02:18 -0700
From: agaccess@pa.mother.com
Subject: "Healthy Harvest Directory" update
*********************************************************
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE DIRECTORY UPDATE
*********************************************************
"Healthy Harvest: A Global Directory of Sustainable Agriculture &
Horticulture" is now being revised.
The current edition lists over 1850 organizations from all fifty states and
seventy-two countries, with extensive cross-indexing. The directory
includes activist and resource groups, foundations, schools, government
agencies, intentional communities, and development, trade & research
organizations. These groups work in fields such as aquaculture, food
processing & distribution, forestry, greenhouses or orchards, marketing,
organic waste recycling, pest management, and the media. Services they
offer include apprenticeships, organic certification, conferences,
consulting, education, farm tours, funding & support, garden programs,
networking, newsletters, periodicals & other publications, recreational
facilities, seed sales or exchanges, farm support services, and training in
sustainable agriculture.
IF YOUR ORGANIZATION WOULD LIKE TO BE LISTED
PLEASE SEND INFORMATION TO:
Karen Van Epen
c/o agAccess
603 Fourth Street
Davis, CA 95616.
Tel: (916) 756-7177.
Fax: (916) 756-7188.
Email: agaccess@davis.com.
Be sure to include mailing address & zip code, contact person & title,
phone & fax numbers, email address, and a description 250 words or less
telling about the group's activities. Please indicate if any publications
are available and how to obtain them.
__There is no charge for listing in "Healthy Harvest."__
The new edition will be distributed in both print and electronic forms.
**************************************************
PLEASE DISTRIBUTE
**************************************************
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Thu Sep 28 08:48 EDT 1995
Date: Thu, 28 Sep 1995 07:23:36 -0500
Message-Id: <199509281223.AA20922@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 377
Contents:
Conference Announcement (NEHaycock@eworld.com)
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 1995 09:58:35 -0700
From: NEHaycock@eworld.com
Subject: Conference Announcement
Dear Soil-l,
Please find below details on a conference, to be held in the UK, on the role
of buffer zones in protecting water resources. In the UK, the concept of
"buffer zones" includes a wide range of natural habitats from riverine
wetlands, riparian wetlands, floodplains, alluvial forests through to grass
strips. The conference is aimed primarily at examining the role of buffer
strips in controlling agriculturally derived nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes.
Processes with the strips are defined but not clarifies within the context of
the rate and degree of protection these processes can offer surface water
resources. Pesticide fluxes, conservation opportunities and finally the
design, modelling and farm scale operation of buffer zones are all issues to
be covered within the conference.
If you'd like more information, then email your address to me directly. If
you know of colleagues who'd like information, just forward this email, or
again send me their address and I'll send them material.
Thank you for reading this email, for more detials, see below ...
Yours
Nick Haycock
Quest Environmental, PO Box 45, Harpenden, Herts. AL5 5JL
Tel/Fax; +1582 764727: email; NEHaycock@eworld.com
.............. inserted text ..............
International Conference
Buffer Zones: Their the Processes and Potential in Water Protection
Date: From: 30th August , 1996
To: 1st September , 1996
Field Trip 2nd September , 1996
Venue: Heythrop Park, Enstone, Nr Woodstock, Oxfordshire, UK.
Number of Delegates:
230 resident, plus an additional 70 non-resident
Total 300 (max)
Sponsored by: The National Rivers Authority / UK Environmental Agency *
English Nature * The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds * The
National Trust * Farm and Wildlife Advisory Group * The Foundation for Water
Research *IUCN: The World Conservation Union * Soil Science Society of
America * LEAF - Linking Environment and Farming * The River Restoration
Project Ltd.
Aims: To examine the processes occurring within buffer zones in relation to
their potential to conserve, enhance and protect the water environment; to
further our understanding of the value of buffer zone landscapes.
Overview: The use of natural buffer zones to protect freshwater from
pollution is attracting considerable interest within the European Union and
globally. There are many concepts of what constitutes an effective buffer,
both in terms of hydrology, vegetation structure (e.g., wet-grassland,
reedbeds through to alluvial woodland) and position within the catchment.
Equally the factors accounting for the pollution retention capacity of buffer
zones are diverse with the implication that the performance of a buffer zone
within a catchment is difficult to predict. Finally, the design and
implementation of a buffer zones depends to a large extent on the nature of
the pollution risk, the degree of protection needed for freshwater and, most
importantly, the farming system in operation. It is against this backdrop of
questions and concerns that this conference has been called.
The conference has been divided into eleven sections:
1 Defining the potential of Buffer Zones
2 Nitrogen Processes in Buffer Zones
3 Hydrogeological Interactions
4 Catchment-scale Interactions
5 Phosphorus Processes in Buffer Zones
6 Modelling Buffer Zone Processes
7 Pesticide Retention in Buffer Zones
8 Sediment control
9 Management for Conservation
10 Influencing Point Source Pollution
11 Design and Implementation
Proposed Costs to the Delegates:
Registration: ............. L182 (including proceedings)
Full Board: ............ L315 ( for the three conference days)
Venue and Organisation:
The conference will be held at Heythrop Park, an 18th century country house
surrounded by parkland located in the Cotswold. Heythrop has facilities for
250 residential and 70 non-residential delegates. In addition to the
excellent conference facilities, Heythrop also boasts it own golf course and
sports centre. The estate is near to on-going buffer zone experiments, some
of which will be visited during the conference excursion. The conference will
be organised by Quest Environmental(Dr. N. Haycock) in association with
Oxford University (Dr. T. Burt) and IACR-Rothamsted (Dr. K. Goulding).
Invited and submitted papers presented at the conference will be edited into
a volume of proceedings. Every delegate will receive a copy as part of the
registration fee.
Who should attend:
Primarily researchers, managers and policy specialists concerned with the
protection of freshwater. The conference is not solely aimed at the river or
land community but should be seen as an opportunity for both groups to meet
and debate the science, issues and policies that effect the quality of both
water and catchment habitats.
------------------------------------------------
Guest Speakers (currently):
------------------------------------------------
Baudry Jacques INRA - SAD - Armorique FRANCE
Cooper Bryce Water Quality Centre New Zealand
Correll D.L. Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre USA
Gold Arthur Department of Natural Resource Science USA
Lowrance Richard Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory USA
Mander Ulo Head of the Department of Geography ESTONIA
Pinay Gilles Laboratoire d'evolution des systems naturels et modifies France
Schipper Louis Landcare Research NZ ltd New Zealand
Uusi-Kamppa Jaana Agricultural Research Centre of Finland Finland
------------------------------------------------
If you'ld like more information, then send your address, tel and fax numbers
to Nick Haycock on nehaycock@eworld.com.
.............. end text insert ..............
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Fri Sep 29 08:58 EDT 1995
Date: Fri, 29 Sep 1995 07:41:51 -0500
Message-Id: <199509291241.AA17774@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 378
Contents:
Organic carbon ("RICHARD MACEWAN" <RJM@fs3.ballarat.edu.au>)
Date: Fri, 29 Sep 1995 12:34:38 GMT+1000
From: "RICHARD MACEWAN" <RJM@fs3.ballarat.edu.au>
Subject: Organic carbon
Does anyone have any experience of the HACH 3000 system and
measurement of organic carbon. The method uses a cold digestion for
10 minutes, so recovery is going to be less than standard methods using
heat. The spectro comes with standards as ampules which are made up
and the readout on the instrument is given as " organic matter ".
Obviously some fudge factors are used to convert OC to organic
matter, and possibly to allow for approx 75 % recovery. This is very
convenient for routine comparisons if everyone uses the same system
but irritating if what you want is a measure of OC. Obviously the
instrument does measure OC the problem is interpreting the calculated
OM result - any help offered ?
Richard MacEwan,
University of Ballarat
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Sat Sep 30 20:37 EDT 1995
Date: Sat, 30 Sep 1995 19:26:28 -0500
Message-Id: <199510010026.AA22282@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: SOILS-L digest 379
Contents:
Re: Test mail... (Karyn25855@aol.com)
Date: Sat, 30 Sep 1995 20:26:58 -0400
From: Karyn25855@aol.com
Subject: Re: Test mail...
your letter reached me
End of Digest
Prepared by Steve Modena, AB4EL
Suggestions and comments to: modena@SunSITE.unc.edu