TRICKLE-L: 199707XX
is the compilation of discussion during Jul 97
via AB4EL Web Digests @ SunSITE
Date: Tue, 01 Jul 1997 00:02:51 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 29 Jun 1997 to 30 Jun 1997
There are 2 messages totalling 201 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. World water and drip/Disc Filtration/MIF back online!
2. Job position at ICARDA: Watershed manag. and soil cons.(fwd)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Mon, 30 Jun 1997 11:10:30 -0700
From: Richard Mead (rmead@AGRILINK-INT.COM)
Subject: World water and drip/Disc Filtration/MIF back online!
A recent article in "Wired" magazine stated a positive scenario of the
world economy and all other aspects of the planet's future. All points in
the article were based on fact and recent trends. It was very encouraging
to read. Yet I couldn't help thinking, no matter how rosy a future
scenario, the authors of this great article did not include the role of
water and potential water scarcity. The "Wired" article put a biotech spin
on agricultural food production, something that I expect will take place,
yet many sources (FAO etc.) emphasize that water will be a key issue in the
21st century.
Agriculture can consume up to 90 percent of water in arid developing
countries and less than 30 percent in humid temperate industrial countries.
According to a particular FAO report, modern technologies have been
applied to only about 3 percent of the land under irrigation worldwide. I
view 'modern technologies' as things such as good irrigation scheduling
using current software or sensor technology, optimal irrigation system
design and yes even the role of microirrigation or drip.
I did some investigating and found that average yield increases in
irrigated land is more than twice as productive as rainfed cropland. Today,
only 16 percent of the world's croplands are irrigated, but those lands
yield some 36 percent of the global food output. In the developing
countries, irrigation increases yields for most crops by 100 to 400
percent. Irrigation also allows farmers to reap the economic benefits of
growing higher-value cash crops.
Obviously being the owner of this list, I'm biased toward the role of
microirrigation. I think it will play a major role in water use in
irrigated land. Wastewater reuse will play an even bigger role for
microirrigation due to the pinpoint delivery nature of drip. Countries such
as Jordan and Israel already have up to 75% of the urban wastewater
delivered to agricultural sectors, and most of the delivery via
microirrigation.
What really is mind boggling is that Asia is the number one irrigated
region in the world. Irrigation contributes about 80 percent of food
production in Pakistan, 70 percent in China and over 50 percent of the
total in India and Indonesia. What role will microirrigation play in these
regions in the future?
Some of you might be asking, "what about desalinization"? There's plenty of
water in the oceans. Fact is, desalination is an expensive option, because
it is energy intensive. Technological improvements might reduce energy
needs to 10 times the theoretical minimum, but this is still a lot of
energy and money (at current rates the costs are US$1.00/CM or
US$1233.27/ac-ft).
Please feel free to contribute to the positive and negative roles of
microirrigation in the future. Yes, this is rather generic and macro in
scope, but as many of you know, I put things like this out on Trickle-L
just to get things going again after a lull of activity=85..it's been rather
quiet lately :-)
--------------------------------------
I have two updates related to what's out on the net these days:
There is a good article in the current online verion of the Irrigation
Journal on Disc Filtration written by Trickle-L subscriber Jim Prochaska.=20
Please check it out at http://www.aip.com/green/pub/ij/html/697dis.html
Finally, I would like to proudly announce on this 3rd anniversary of
Trickle-L that the Microirrigation Forum web site is back on line and it
now has its own URL at http://WWW.MIF.ORG The improved web site has a
cleaner look and easier navigational interface. MIF has Trickle-L archives,
a Digital Drip Directory, Future Conferences*, a gallery of drip oriented
images, an extensive related links page, and an article I wrote for the IA
regarding Internet irrigation information. When you have time, please surf
by to check it out. Let me know what you think.
Sincerely,
Richard Mead
Trickle-L and MIF owner/manager
*
I know of three meetings that relate to irrigation:
- Water Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe (Sept)
- IWEX, Birmingham, UK (Nov)
- WaterMEX, ASIA (Nov.)
yet, I am not aware of the specific dates and venues. If you know more
specifics, please let me know so I can place the information on the MIF
website.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 30 Jun 1997 20:35:18 +0200
From: "Thomas-M. Stein" (stein@WIZ.UNI-KASSEL.DE)
Subject: Job position at ICARDA: Watershed manag. and soil cons.(fwd)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Forwarded) Message from Dr. Michael Zoebisch (ICARDA)
Replies should be sent to the addresses below.
Please excuse any cross posting, thanks.
Thomas-M. Stein
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ICARDA is looking for a consultant in the field of watershed management
and soil conservation for the Matruh Resource Management Project in
north-western Egypt.
For the season 1997/1997, a total of approximately 37 weeks (19 weeks
for watershed management and 18 weeks for soil conservation) are planned.
There is a high probability that these services will be required for
a further 2 years. A brief description of the project and a summary of
the TORs are attached.
I would be grateful if you could make these consultancy positions known
within your institute and beyond and if you could recommend suitable
candidates to ICARDA.
Yours sincerely
Michael A. Zoebisch
Applications of interested professionals and CVs should be sent to:
Dr. Mahmoud Solh
Director for International Cooperation
ICARDA
P.O.Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria
E-Mail (M.Solh@cgnet.com)
FAX (963-21) 213490 or 225105
with a copy to:
Dr. Michael A. Zoebisch
ICARDA
P.O.Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria
E-Mail (M.Zoebisch@cgnet.com)
FAX (963-21) 213490 or 225105
##### Communication should be made preferably by E-Mail or Fax. #####
Matruh Resource Management Project (MRMP)
The Matruh Resource Management Project, funded by the World bank,
seeks to break the cycle of natural resource degradation and poverty by
providing support for improved approaches to natural resource management
and agricultural development among communities of settled bedouin along
300 km coastal strip of northern Egypt (mean annual rainfall, 120 mm).
The project has a strong extension component for technology adaptation
and transfer through participatory community action and systems-based
research and extension. ICARDA=C9s role is to provide technical
assistance to the adaptive research component, in support of a
team of national scientists and technicians within a newly-established
research unit, in collaboration with local community planning and
implementation activities. To strengthen its input to that role,
ICARDA requires experienced consultant personnel to work alongside
Egyptian counterparts in the field. These personnel will be based
at the Project headquarters in Mersa Matruh, a rapidly developing
holiday resort 280 km west of Alexandria.
Summary TOR for consultancy services in WATERSHED MANAGEMENT and SOIL
CONSERVATION for 1997/1998.
Watershed management [total 19 weeks]
-------------------------------------
1. On-the-job training [2 weeks]
2. Pilot adaptive research [9 weeks].Technical assistance in:
2.1. Preparing research plans and identification of sites and
experimental designs for testing appropriate techniques for earth,
stone and cement dike construction
2.2. Planning data collection, analysis and evaluation
3. Assistance to development planning [8 weeks]. Participation in
planning process and the development of general principles for
selection of sites to implement appropriate watershed management
techniques within community.
Soil conservation [total 18 weeks]
----------------------------------
1. On-the-job training [1 week]
2. Pilot adaptive research [9 weeks]. Technical assistance in:
2.1. Preparing research plans and identification of sites and
experimental designs for testing appropriate techniques of land
protection and rehabilitation
2.2. Planning data collection, analysis and evaluation
3. Assistance to development planning [8 weeks]. Participation in
planning process and the development of general principles for
selection of sites to implement appropriate land protection and
rehabilitation technologies within community development areas.
-------------------- End of forwarded message -----------------------
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 29 Jun 1997 to 30 Jun 1997
****************************************************
Date: Wed, 02 Jul 1997 00:00:03 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 30 Jun 1997 to 1 Jul 1997
There are 9 messages totalling 368 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. drip irrigation using sea water
2. Soybean & Drip Irrigation (2)
3. Introduction Response
4. Intro
5. changes
6. World water and drip/Disc Filtration/MIF back online!
7. help with drip irrigation research (2)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Mon, 30 Jun 1997 19:06:02 -1000
From: "Susan R. Loewenhardt" (kalopa@INTERPAC.NET)
Subject: drip irrigation using sea water
Dear readers,
Thought there might be some interest in a project taking place in the
coastal desert of Hawaii. This area receives less than 10 inches of rain a
year, has temperatures in the high 80's and has very little soil. Dr. John
Craven with the University of Hawaii maintains the Common Heritage
Corporation which is located in the lava fields on the island of Hawaii. He
is dedicated to managing eniromentally sustainable innovations in ocean
technology. One of these projects explores the new field of coldwater ocean
agriculture, which uses deep seawater (in pvc pipes) as a coolant to
manipulate soil and air temperatures, as well as drip irrigation.
Agricultural species that otherwise could not thrive in the coastal desert
can now be successfully grown by using the pvc saltwater pipes both on top
and beneath the soil. Common Heritage maintains a cold water demonstration
garden with over 100 species of high valve food crops such as strawberries,
asparagus, artichokes, basil abd gourmet lettuces. He can be reached at web
page URL: http://www.aloha.com/~craven or http://bigisland.com/nelha
Aloha,
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sue Loewenhardt
EMail kalopa@interpac.net
SnailMail P.O. Box 1635
Honokaa, Hawaii 96727-1635
Phone & Fax 808-775-0411
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 1 Jul 1997 11:07:20 +0300
From: Yossi Ingber (netafim@INTER.NET.IL)
Subject: Soybean & Drip Irrigation
Dear List members,
I'm lookink for publications and / or a web site that contains
scientific experimental results or commercial results of Soybean
irrigated by Drip Irrigation . I know that CPRL in Texas worked on that
issue in the past, any news ??
Appreciate your attention
Yossi Ingber
Engineering & Technical Support
Netafim-Magal / Israel
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 1 Jul 1997 11:50:10 +0300
From: Yossi Ingber (netafim@INTER.NET.IL)
Subject: Soybean & Drip Irrigation
Message-ID: (33B8BAB8.2116@inter.net.il)
Date: Tue, 01 Jul 1997 11:07:20 +0300
From: Yossi Ingber (netafim@inter.net.il)
Reply-To: netafim@inter.net.il
Organization: netafim@inter.net.il
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (Win95; I)
To: Trickle-L Discussion List (TRICKLE-L@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: Soybean & Drip Irrigation
References: (199707010506.TAA18357@isis.interpac.net)
Dear List members,
I'm lookink for publications and / or a web site that contains
scientific experimental results or commercial results of Soybean
irrigated by Drip Irrigation . I know that CPRL in Texas worked on that
issue in the past, any news ??
Appreciate your attention
Yossi Ingber
Engineering & Technical Support
Netafim-Magal / Israel
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 1 Jul 1997 13:28:12 +0000
From: Don Strom (mtwhitfo!don@MTSOIRM.MT.NRCS.USDA.GOV)
Subject: Introduction Response
Trickle-ites
I have been subscribing to the list for several weeks but have been
on the road and unable to reply. I'm back now, so here goes.
My name is Donald Strom (don) and currently I am a soil scientist with
the USDA-NRCS in Whitehall, MT. We are working on the soil survey for
the Silver Bow County, MT Area.
Briefly, this area is in the inter-mountain valleys of southwestern
Montana. Grass, forbs and shrubs dominate the valleys
and the forest Climatically we are in the Frigid
temperature regime (mean soil temperature at 50 cm is (8 deg C and mean
summer temp is less than 15 deg C) in the valleys and cryic in the
mountains. Precipitation varies from (10" ((25.4 cm) in the valleys to
)30" (75 cm) in the mountains
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 1 Jul 1997 14:25:15 +0000
From: Don Strom (mtwhitfo!don@MTSOIRM.MT.NRCS.USDA.GOV)
Subject: Intro
Trickle-ites
I have been subscribing to the list for several weeks but have been
on the road and unable to reply. I'm back now, so here goes.
My name is Donald Strom (don) and currently I am a soil scientist with
the USDA-NRCS in Whitehall, MT. We are working on the soil survey for
the Silver Bow County, MT Area.
Briefly, this area is in the mountains and valleys of southwestern
Montana. Elevations range from 4360 ft in the valley bottoms to more
than 8000 ft on the continental divide. Grass, forbs and shrubs
dominate the valleys with Douglas-fir, Lodgepole pine and subalpine
fir in the forest canopy above 6000 ft. Climatically we are in the
Frigid temperature regime (mean annual soil temperature at 50 cm is (8
deg C with a mean summer temp (slightly) more than 15 deg C) in the
valleys and cryic in the mountains. Precipitation varies from (10"
((25.4 cm) in the valleys to )30" (75 cm) in the mountains. Soils are
derived mainly from a mixed bag of hard sedimentary and igneous rocks.
Valley soils are, for the most part, "skeletal" (more than 35% coarse
fragments) so water holding capacity is low. Calcium carbonate (ranges
from 10 to 40 % CaCO3 Equivalent) also reduces available water. This
is also an area of relatively high winds. A monitoring site near here
recorded a constant velocity of 6.8 mph
Responses:
1. I have been using surface drip on conifers and deciduous trees in a
shelter belt for 18 years. We also used drip on the garden are for
several years. I am currently using drip on a small test plot of
apple, apricot and plum trees with plans to expand into a small
commercial orchard in 5 years.
2. see #1
3. na
4. Problems? obtaining materials: pipe, emitters for replacements.
5, 6. Fertigation - This is an area I have an interest in but have not
been able to find out anything about it (in my area).
Where can I look for a quick general text on the subject? A basic "How
To" source.
7. Water Quality - no problems here. Water has low EC and very few
contaminants.
8. Frequency - for the trees I irrigate once a week for 8-10 hrs w/3-4
1/2gph emitters per tree. This wets the soil well into the root zone.
Lately, we've had so much rain I have not irrigated.
9. Rodent damage - to pipe and emitters? none; to trees - I use
plastic pipe around the base of the tree with a plastic mesh up the
stem 2-3 feet to discourage rabbits.
10. Pleased? yes. It is the only way to irrigate!
11. The list was described in "USDA This Week"
Thank you
Don Strom
*****************************************************************
USDA-NRCS Soil Survey phone 1-406-287-5813
3 Whitetail Rd fax 1-406-287-5146
Whitehall, MT 59759 email: dstrom@mt.nrcs.usda.gov
USA
*****************************************************************
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 1 Jul 1997 14:28:18 +0000
From: Don Strom (mtwhitfo!don@MTSOIRM.MT.NRCS.USDA.GOV)
Subject: changes
Hi
I have just sent a response to the introduction questions. I may
have inadvertently sent an early version of the intro that should
be deleted.
Also my address needs to be changed from
mtwhitfo!don@mtsoirm.mt.nrcs.usda.gov
to
dstrom@mt.nrcs.usda.gov
thanks
don
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 1 Jul 1997 06:27:45 -1000
From: "Joseph H. Loewenhardt" (kalopa@INTERPAC.NET)
Subject: Re: World water and drip/Disc Filtration/MIF back online!
Hi Richard,
I must have done something wrong so I'll try sending it this way.
Date: Mon, 30 Jun 1997 21:04:19 -1000 (HST)
FROM: RISNET/RISHUB/POSTMASTER
TO: Susan, R., Loewenhardt, DATE:, 07/01/97, TIME:, 00:05
SUBJECT: Mail failure
[005] The mail retry count was exceeded sending to SUB/SUB.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Microsoft Mail v3.0 (MAPI 1.0 Transport) IPM.Microsoft Mail.Note
From: Susan R. Loewenhardt
To: TRICKLE-L@crcvms.unl.edu
Subject: drip irrigation using sea water
Date: 1997-06-30 22:06
Priority: 3
Message ID: 62BA152B6DF1D01180DA400051081108
Dear readers,
Thought there might be some interest in a project taking place in the
coastal desert of Hawaii. This area receives less than 10 inches of rain a
year, has temperatures in the high 80's and has very little soil. Dr. John
Craven with the University of Hawaii maintains the Common Heritage
Corporation which is located in the lava fields on the island of Hawaii. He
is dedicated to managing eniromentally sustainable innovations in ocean
technology. One of these projects explores the new field of coldwater ocean
agriculture, which uses deep seawater (in pvc pipes) as a coolant to
manipulate soil and air temperatures, as well as drip irrigation.
Agricultural species that otherwise could not thrive in the coastal desert
can now be successfully grown by using the pvc saltwater pipes both on top
and beneath the soil. Common Heritage maintains a cold water demonstration
garden with over 100 species of high valve food crops such as strawberries,
asparagus, artichokes, basil abd gourmet lettuces. He can be reached at web
page URL: http://www.aloha.com/~craven or http://bigisland.com/nelha
Aloha,
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sue Loewenhardt
EMail kalopa@interpac.net
SnailMail P.O. Box 1635
Honokaa, Hawaii 96727-1635
Phone & Fax 808-775-0411
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
=============================================================================
Joseph H. Loewenhardt, CRA-377
Certified Residential Appraiser
Email mailto:kalopa@interpac.net
Snail P.O. Box 1635
mail Honokaa, Hawaii 96727
Phone
& Fax (808) 775-0411
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 2 Jul 1997 13:50:49 +1000
From: celia sweeney (celia.sweeney@CNETNS.TCP.CSIRO.AU)
Subject: help with drip irrigation research
Dear readers,
I am starting some research on drip irrigation and was wondering if anyone
might know of any recent PhD theses or good reviews which may be available
to me in Australia.
I would appreciate any information.
Thanks alot,
Celia Sweeney.
Dennis Rolston
Visiting Scientist
Div. of Tropical Agriculture
CSIRO
306 Carmody Rd
St. Lucia, Queensland 4067
Australia
phone: 61 7 3377 0317
fax: 61 7 3371 3946
email: dennis.rolston@tag.csiro.au
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 1 Jul 1997 18:21:05 -1000
From: "Joseph H. Loewenhardt" (kalopa@INTERPAC.NET)
Subject: Re: help with drip irrigation research
At 01:50 PM 7/2/97 +1000, you wrote:
)Dear readers,
)
)I am starting some research on drip irrigation and was wondering if anyone
)might know of any recent PhD theses or good reviews which may be available
)to me in Australia.
)
)I would appreciate any information.
)
)Thanks alot,
)
)Celia Sweeney.
)Dennis Rolston
)Visiting Scientist
)Div. of Tropical Agriculture
)CSIRO
)306 Carmody Rd
)St. Lucia, Queensland 4067
)Australia
)phone: 61 7 3377 0317
)fax: 61 7 3371 3946
)email: dennis.rolston@tag.csiro.au
)
)Celia and Dennis,
Contact John Craven, Ph.D. at http:www.aloha.com/~craven
=============================================================================
Joseph H. Loewenhardt, CRA-377
Certified Residential Appraiser
Email mailto:kalopa@interpac.net
Snail P.O. Box 1635
mail Honokaa, Hawaii 96727
Phone
& Fax (808) 775-0411
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 30 Jun 1997 to 1 Jul 1997
***************************************************
Date: Thu, 03 Jul 1997 00:01:05 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 1 Jul 1997 to 2 Jul 1997
There are 5 messages totalling 187 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. World water and drip/Disc Filtration/MIF back online! (2)
2. Introductory questions
3. Intro
4. What 'biotech spin' means
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Wed, 2 Jul 1997 02:19:04 -0400
From: George Wille (GeorWille@AOL.COM)
Subject: Re: World water and drip/Disc Filtration/MIF back online!
In a message dated 97-06-30 14:33:55 EDT, you write:
(( biotech spin on agricultural food production ))
What is this means? I don't anderstand it. If you could help me to anderstand
another tipe of culture.
Thank you.
George
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 2 Jul 1997 13:25:39 -0200
From: "Brian E. Carlick" (brianeb@CYBERIA.NET.LB)
Subject: Introductory questions
1) Briefly, what is your affiliation with trickle/drip irrigation?
at the moment none, but I am planning to grow blueberries in the a part of
the uk that does not get much rain, they will need some form of irrigation
2) What crops or plants do you use drip irrigation on?
blueberries
3) If using subsurface drip irrigation, what is the average depth of
placement of the drip lateral?
I do not know yet, is subsurface suitable for Blueberries?
4) What problems have you encountered with drip irrigation?
None yet! but any ones experiences especially with Blues would be useful
5) Fertigation is a real advantage of drip irrigation. What form of N, P
and K have you been trying and to what success?
I have no data yet on this aspect,
6) Have you experienced a reduction in fertilizer and/or water use?
7) Do you have water quality problems? If so, how do you tackle the
situation?
I have just purchased some land, it has a well, water tests will be carried
out soon
8) How frequent do you irrigate? Many times a day, one long session per
day, or once every several days?
I have no data yet on this subject regarding bluebreeies
9) Do you have rodent damage? If so, how do you control the problem?
the land has lots of rabbits, part is fenced, some more fencing will be
necessary
10) Are you pleased with the uniformity of your system or systems? Were
they designed correctly?
11) How did you find out about Trickle-L?
I subscribe to the USDA mag, there was an articule this month on the subject.
The whole subject is new to me which is why I have subscribed to the group.
I hope to plant the Blues this autumn. The soil is very sandy, PH around
4.5. --5.0
Best regards
Brian Carlick
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 2 Jul 1997 12:45:09 +0200
From: Vjekoslav Balas (eedvab@EED.ERICSSON.SE)
Subject: Intro
Hi,
sorry, not so much to introduce - this is more out of interest
at the moment.
1) Briefly, what is your affiliation with trickle/drip irrigation?
I'm interested in hydrophonics and thought trickle irrigation
is a good area to know about.
2) What crops or plants do you use drip irrigation on?
Nothing yet - questions below not applicable at moment.
3) If using subsurface drip irrigation, what is the average depth of
placement of the drip lateral?
4) What problems have you encountered with drip irrigation?
5) Fertigation is a real advantage of drip irrigation. What form of N, P
and K have you been trying and to what success?
6) Have you experienced a reduction in fertilizer and/or water use?
7) Do you have water quality problems? If so, how do you tackle the situation?
8) How frequent do you irrigate? Many times a day, one long session per
day, or once every several days?
9) Do you have rodent damage? If so, how do you control the problem?
10) Are you pleased with the uniformity of your system or systems? Were
they designed correctly?
11) How did you find out about the Trickle-L mailing list?
Via NetSearch.
/Vjeko
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 2 Jul 1997 10:46:33 -0700
From: Richard Mead (rmead@AGRILINK-INT.COM)
Subject: Re: What 'biotech spin' means
George,
Regarding my recent statement
(( biotech spin on agricultural food production ))
I was only implying that the agricultural focus of the Wired magazine
article seemed to only focus on biotechnology as the cure all for future
food production and neglected other aspects of agricultural technology such
as increases in water use efficiency, mechanized ag and other aspects that
I'm not even aware of. Obviously biotechnology has great potential, but
there are other technologies within agriculture that will enhance future
food production.
Hope this clears the confusion.
Richard Mead
Trickle-L & MIF owner/manager
www.mif.org
At 02:19 AM 7/2/97 -0400, you wrote:
)In a message dated 97-06-30 14:33:55 EDT, you write:
)
)(( biotech spin on agricultural food production ))
)What is this means? I don't anderstand it. If you could help me to anderstand
)another tipe of culture.
)Thank you.
)George
)
)
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 2 Jul 1997 08:12:08 -1000
From: Willy Pyle (AgSystems@MAIL.ORG)
Subject: Re: World water and drip/Disc Filtration/MIF back online!
George Wille wrote:
)
) In a message dated 97-06-30 14:33:55 EDT, you write:
)
) (( biotech spin on agricultural food production ))
) What is this means? I don't anderstand it. If you could help me to anderstand
) another tipe of culture.
) Thank you.
) George
George,
To me 'biotech spin' meant that these guys are such total techno-heads
that they believe that at some point in the future that all food will be
produced in laboratories, or in some other extremely hi-tech, fully
automated arena, not using today's 'primitive' farming methods, such as
soil, irrigation, hand labor, tractors, etc. Some of the futuristic
novels and movies have portrayed food production in this manner. We have
hydroponic tomatoes now that look like 'real' tomatoes, but when you
bite into them, you want to spit them out, compared to the 'real'
tomatoes, grown in soil with fertilizer and conventional irrigation
methods. I'm sorry, but the texture and taste of hydroponic produced
vegetables just doesn't match that of field grown vegetables. And I
don't believe that 'Hi-Tech' will ever replace field grown food
supplies.
Willy Pyle
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 1 Jul 1997 to 2 Jul 1997
**************************************************
Date: Fri, 04 Jul 1997 00:03:04 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 2 Jul 1997 to 3 Jul 1997
There are 3 messages totalling 244 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. [Fwd: CSP: Fwd: This is scary!!!!] (2)
2. Conversion from sprinkler to drip
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Thu, 3 Jul 1997 12:32:31 -0700
From: Dean Reynolds (dreynold@CD-ESO.WATER.CA.GOV)
Subject: [Fwd: CSP: Fwd: This is scary!!!!]
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------664E28CE367A
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**************************************************
Dean Reynolds
Associate Land and Water Use Analyst
California Department of Water Resources
3251 S Street
Sacramento, CA 95816 USA
Phone: 916-227-7638
Fax: 916-227-7600
email: dreynold@water.ca.gov
**************************************************
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Date: Thu, 3 Jul 1997 14:14:14 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: (970703141412_880529079@emout20.mail.aol.com)
To: ca-sinpar@mail.sonic.net, AnofAvonle@aol.com, cejka@pcusa.org,
GregoJL@juno.com, fiona_anderson@oxy.com
Subject: CSP: Fwd: This is scary!!!!
Sender: owner-ca-sinpar@sub.sonic.net
Precedence: bulk
---------------------
Forwarded message:
Subj: This is scary!!!!
Date: 97-07-03 12:19:47 EDT
From: Jammond
To: brent@synergex.com
To: goodindt@vaxd.gat.com,BajaNomad
To: felix@vaxd.gat.com,Matt1014
To: enki@msn.com
To: Joan: joan@sprintmail.com
To: joan@synergex.com
To: Randmaa@d2tech.com,SelenaO
To: Angie22715,Baubobelly,BoniBarnes
To: DeniseChng,HeidiCA75,JJack85782
To: Jenn 23850,Jules92821,Keener
To: KristineLM,LBMARTINEZ,MSimms5777
To: PennyFIE,Pepthedish,SaraBOOM
To: SeeDeeJee,Suegrn,SuzyQnSB,Zolove
To: Blondgdess,heather@sb.net
To: Mme Smiles,DJATH20,Hterbo
To: KebKlaus,C v bird,FHarnsberg
To: Mortishia,RaverD27,ZipHKB
To: Tigger1435,OTERPOP,Kimmy6107,LLH8
To: danni1s@ix.netcom.com
Subject: Notice to Travelers esp in Houston and Vegas!
========================
This came across my desktop recently. If it doesn't make your skin
creep, it's on too tight.
Dear Friends:
I wish to warn you about a new crime ring that is targeting business
travelers. This ring is well organized, well funded, has very skilled
personnel, and is currently in most major cities and recently very
active in New Orleans. The crime begins when a business traveler goes
to a lounge for a drink at the end of the work day. A person in the bar
walks up as they sit alone and offers to buy them a drink. The last
thing the traveler remembers until they wake up in a hotel room bath
tub, their body submerged to their neck in ice, is sipping that
drink.There is a note taped to the wall instructing them not to move and
to call 911. A phone is on a small table next to the bathtub for them
to call. The business traveler calls 911 who have become quite familiar
with this crime. The business traveler is instructed by the 911
operator to very slowly and carefully reach behind them and feel if
there is a tube protruding from their lower back. The business traveler
finds the tube and answers, "Yes." The 911 operator tells them to
remainstill, having already sent paramedics to help. The operator
knowsthat both of the business traveler's kidneys have been harvested.
This is not a scam or out of a science fiction novel, it is real. It
is documented and confirmable. If you travel or someone close to you
travels, please be careful.
Regards
Jerry Mayfield
Austin Ops Engineering Manager
Telephone: 512-433-6855
Pager: 512-613-3710
From: Patty Radford@Desktop@PCPD Hou, on 12/16/96 10:33 AM:
Yes, this does happen. My sister-in-law works with a lady that this
happened to her son's neighbor who lives in Houston. The only "good"
thing to his whole story is the fact that the people doing this horrible
crimeare very in tune to what complications can happen afterwards
because of thedetailed precautions they take the time to set up
before leaving the room. The word from my sister-in-law is that the
hospital in Las Vegas (yes, Vegas) prior to transferring him back to
Houston stated that these people know exactly what they are doing.
Theincision, etc. was exact and clean. They use sterile equipment etc.
and the hospital stated that other than the fact that the victim looses
a kidney there has not been any reports of other complications due to
non-sterile, etc. tactics that were used.
Please be careful.
From: Kathy White@OS Dev@Sys Hou, on 12/13/96 3:25 PM:
Sadly, this is very true. My husband is a Houston Firefighter/EMT and
they have received alerts regarding this crime ring. It is to be
taken very seriously. The daughter of a friend of a fellow firefighter
had this happen to her. Skilled doctor's are performing these crimes!
(which, by the way have been highly noted in the Las Vegas area)
Additionally, the military has received alerts regarding this.
This story blew me away. I really want as many people to see this as
possible so please bounce this to whoever you can.
Please think when you drink. A friend of mine from UT passed this story
onto me from the "Daily Texan" * the University of Texas newspaper.
Apparently it occured during Fall Premier-a UT tradition that is a
celebration of the end of midterms.-
Jeff
"Reason to not party anymore"-
This guy went out last Saturday night to a party. He was having a
good time, had a couple of beers and some girl seemed to like him and
invited him to go to another party. He quickly agreed and decided to
go along with her. She took him to a party in some apartment and
they continued to drink, and even got involved with some other drugs
(unknown which). The next thing he knew, he woke up completely naked in
a bathtub filledwith ice. He was still feeling the effects of the
drugs, but looked around to see he was alone. He looked down at his
chest, which had "CALL 911 OR YOU WILL DIE" written on it in lipstick.
He saw a phone was on a stand next to the tub, so he picked it up and
dialed. He explained to the EMS operator what the situation was and
that he didn't know where he was, what he took, or why he was really
calling. She advised him to get out of the tub. He did, and she asked
him to look himself over in the mirror.He did, and appeared normal, so
she told him to check his back. He did,only to find two 9 inch slits on
his lower back. She told him to get backin the tub immediately, and
they sent a rescue team over. Apparently, after being examined, he found
out more of what had happened. His kidneys were stolen. They are worth
10,000 dollars each on the black market. (I was unaware this even
existed.) Several guesses are in order: The second party was a sham,
the people involved had to be at least medical students, and it was not
just recreational drugs he was given. Regardless, he is currently in the
hospital on life support,awaiting a spare kidney. The University of
Texas in conjunction with Baylor University Medical Center is conducting
tissue research to match the sophomore student with a donor. Any
information leading to the arrest of the individuals may be forwarded to
the University of Texas Campus police, or the Texas Rangers.
==========================================================================
If you wish to unsubscribe from this mailing list, send the message body
of "unsubscribe ca-sinpar" to majordomo@lists.sonic.net with no subject.
All problems/administrative requests should be sent to ronh@sonic.net
--------------664E28CE367A--
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 3 Jul 1997 18:48:16 -0400
From: "Russell Clemings, The Fresno Bee" (Clemings@CRIS.COM)
Subject: Re: [Fwd: CSP: Fwd: This is scary!!!!]
Scary, yes, but it's an urban legend. See:
http://www.snopes.com/spoons/faxlore/kidney.htm
for an amusing history of its evolution.
rac
=======================================================
Russell Clemings/The Fresno Bee
1626 E St./Fresno CA 93786
v: 209-441-6371/f: 209-441-6436
Primary: clemings@cris.com
Alternate: clemings@fresnobee.com
URL: http://www.cris.com/~clemings
Environmental Journalism Home Page:
http://www.sej.org
=======================================================
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 4 Jul 1997 13:55:58 +1000
From: Hortech Services Pty Ltd (hortech@ATS.COM.AU)
Subject: Conversion from sprinkler to drip
To all,
Could somebody direct me to some good refernces dealing with the affect on
crop growth, yield etc when you convert orchards from sprinklers to drip.
Also some figures on water savings.
I have a copy of a paper published in horticultural reviews written by DC
Elfving. Some references are made to apples etc and also Citrus. However
most are from the 1970's. Some recent quotes would be good.
I am mostly interested in Evergreen crops such as Avocadoes, Citrus, Macadamias.
Thanks in advance.
Peter Broomhall
Horticulural Consultant
Hortech Services Pty Ltd
a.c.n. 060 406 957
P.O. Box 370
Kallangur QLD 4503
Australia
P: +61 418 708 573
F: +61 7 3886 0389
hortech@ats.com.au
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 2 Jul 1997 to 3 Jul 1997
**************************************************
Date: Sat, 05 Jul 1997 00:00:44 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 3 Jul 1997 to 4 Jul 1997
There are 3 messages totalling 121 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Conversion from sprinkler to drip - Reply
2. help with drip irrigation research
3. Conversion from sprinkler to drip
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Fri, 4 Jul 1997 14:56:02 +0930
From: meissner.tony@WPO.PI.SA.GOV.AU
Subject: Conversion from sprinkler to drip - Reply
Peter,
The common assumption that is made when converting from one irrigation
system to another is that there are automatic water savings. Our experience at
the ICMS is that this is not so. Irrigators tend not to change the way they
manage irrigation ie how much they put on when they change from one system
to another. Going from sprinkler to drip may change the amount you apply but
unless you irrigate according to a schedule either ET based or on neutron
probes or other soil water measuring devices can you be sure on how much to
apply and when.
I do not have any references, but if you get a few be mindful that these were
done under controlled conditions and not in the real world in most cases.
Yours sincerely
Tony Meissner
*********************************************
*Senior Research Scientist (Irrigation) *
*Irrigated Crop Management Service *
*Primary Industries, South Australia *
*Loxton Centre, Loxton SA Aust 5333 *
*Tel: +61 85 95 9146 *
*Fax: +61 85 95 9180 *
*email: meissner.tony@pi.sa.gov.au *
*********************************************
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 4 Jul 1997 16:06:48 +1000
From: celia sweeney (c.sweeney@CNETNS.TCP.CSIRO.AU)
Subject: help with drip irrigation research
)Dear readers,
You may have already seen the below message and have been trying to reach
me. There has been some problems with my e-mail adress which have
hopefully been cleared up now. Apologies to anyone who has been trying to
get through,
Celia Sweeney
OLD MESSAGE
)
)I am starting some research on drip irrigation and was wondering if anyone
might know of any recent PhD theses or good reviews which may be available
to me in Australia.
)
)I would appreciate any information.
)
)Thanks alot,
)
)Celia Sweeney.
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 4 Jul 1997 14:40:54 -1000
From: "Joseph H. Loewenhardt" (kalopa@INTERPAC.NET)
Subject: Re: Conversion from sprinkler to drip
At 01:55 PM 7/4/97 +1000, you wrote:
)To all,
)
)Could somebody direct me to some good refernces dealing with the affect on
)crop growth, yield etc when you convert orchards from sprinklers to drip.
)
)Also some figures on water savings.
)
)I have a copy of a paper published in horticultural reviews written by DC
)Elfving. Some references are made to apples etc and also Citrus. However
)most are from the 1970's. Some recent quotes would be good.
)
)I am mostly interested in Evergreen crops such as Avocadoes, Citrus,
Macadamias.
)
)Thanks in advance.
)Peter Broomhall
)Horticulural Consultant
)
)Hortech Services Pty Ltd
)a.c.n. 060 406 957
)P.O. Box 370
)Kallangur QLD 4503
)Australia
)
)P: +61 418 708 573
)F: +61 7 3886 0389
)
)hortech@ats.com.au
)
)Peter,
For drip of macadamia nut trees you might try contacting Virgina Easton
Smith at the University of Hawaii Extension office in Kailua-Kona Hawaii.
She quite a number of farmers as well as the Macadamia Nut Association.
Her email address is vsmith@hawaii.edu.
Aloha,
Sue Loewenhardt
=============================================================================
Joseph H. Loewenhardt, CRA-377
Certified Residential Appraiser
Email mailto:kalopa@interpac.net
Snail P.O. Box 1635
mail Honokaa, Hawaii 96727
Phone
& Fax (808) 775-0411
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 3 Jul 1997 to 4 Jul 1997
**************************************************
Date: Sun, 06 Jul 1997 00:01:12 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 4 Jul 1997 to 5 Jul 1997
There is one message totalling 35 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. May & June archives are now available
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Sat, 5 Jul 1997 09:44:29 -0700
From: Richard Mead (rmead@AGRILINK-INT.COM)
Subject: May & June archives are now available
The 1997 May and June archives of Trickle-L are now available at the
Microirrigation Forum
web site (www.mif.org).
Topics include [w/ URL in brackets]
- More SDI questions on Alfalfa [http://www.mif.org/morealf.html]
- Buffering with Aqua-Gen: How to reduce Sodium in Water
[http://www.mif.org/buffna.html]
- Ceramics anyone? [http://www.mif.org/ceramics.html]
- 16 year Cotton study using SDI [http://www.mif.org/cotton.html]
- Gypsum & high SAR in the Coachella Valley [http://www.mif.org/gyphisar.html]
- Melaluca or Tea Irrigation [http://www.mif.org/tea.html]
- Olive trees with SDI? [http://www.mif.org/olive.html]
- Plastic mulching [http://www.mif.org/plamul.html]
- Satellite stations in the field [http://www.mif.org/satsta.html]
- Drip and subaeration system [http://www.mif.org/aera.html]
If you missed most the Trickle-L discussions the last couple of months,
now's your chance to catch up.
Sincerely,
Richard Mead
Trickle-L and MIF owner/manager
rmead@mif.org
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 4 Jul 1997 to 5 Jul 1997
**************************************************
Date: Mon, 07 Jul 1997 00:02:01 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 5 Jul 1997 to 6 Jul 1997
There is one message totalling 30 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. New Member
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Sun, 6 Jul 1997 21:22:52 +0000
From: Volker Heinrich (v.heinrich@LRZ.TU-MUENCHEN.DE)
Subject: New Member
Hi together,
the time has come to introduce myself as new member for trickle-l. My
name is Volker Heinrich, I'am a MSc at the vegetable branch of the
Technical University of Munich Germany. In many different projects
all over the world we are researching with different kinds of crops
mostly cultivated with drip irrigation. Since I'am new to my job my
first target is to freshen the material about irrigation I got
teached at university. So I will behave as a silent reader, to see
whats going on and how they think and what they do- the irrigators
;-) Information about the trickle-l maillist I got by Tino
Mosler, who has also subscribed to that list and works at the same
branch like I do.
Many greetings,
Volker
Volker Heinrich ... nur Fliegen sind schoener!
Tel: 08161 22413 Fax: 08161 22417
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 5 Jul 1997 to 6 Jul 1997
**************************************************
Date: Tue, 08 Jul 1997 00:02:42 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 6 Jul 1997 to 7 Jul 1997
There are 3 messages totalling 142 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Conversion from sprinkler to drip (2)
2. Capillary Fringe
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Mon, 7 Jul 1997 10:49:48 +0000
From: Todd Hurlburt (toddh@EWA.NET)
Subject: Re: Conversion from sprinkler to drip
At 01:55 PM 7/4/97 +1000, you wrote:
)To all,
)
)Could somebody direct me to some good refernces dealing with the affect on
)crop growth, yield etc when you convert orchards from sprinklers to drip.
)
)Also some figures on water savings.
)
)I have a copy of a paper published in horticultural reviews written by DC
)Elfving. Some references are made to apples etc and also Citrus. However
)most are from the 1970's. Some recent quotes would be good.
)
)I am mostly interested in Evergreen crops such as Avocadoes, Citrus,
Macadamias.
)
)Thanks in advance.
)Peter Broomhall
)Horticulural Consultant
)
)Hortech Services Pty Ltd
)a.c.n. 060 406 957
)P.O. Box 370
)Kallangur QLD 4503
)Australia
)
)P: +61 418 708 573
)F: +61 7 3886 0389
)
)hortech@ats.com.au
7/7/97
Peter,
My reply is from the standpoint of a commercial orchardist who changed from
overhead sprinklers to drip irrigation in the Yakima, Washington, USA area
in apple trees. Our rainfall is 6 to 10 inches per year, with light sandy
loam soils (rocky enough that I consider them "well drained"). The ages of
the trees varied, from 5 years to over 40 years old. In all cases we made
the change over at the beginning of the season.
I did not experience any negative effects in tree growth or fruit quality,
the trees made the transition without skipping a beat. To the contrary,
the trees look as healthy and happy as they ever have. This agrees with
what others had told me to expect with the change over.
I do not have any figures for water savings, but I am certain I am using
less water. We are in the process of changing over gradually, field by
field, so it is difficult to measure just how much goes where; plus we use
water for evaporative cooling, cover crop maintenance, and frost protection.
Bottom line for me, I switched to drip for water savings because of a
drought we experienced in 1994. Nonetheless, I am convinced I will make
more money by keeping the trees happier than I ever would saving water,
even in drought years.
Todd Hurlburt
toddh@ewa.net
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 8 Jul 1997 08:20:46 -0400
From: Hamish Lowe (hamishl@WLG.PDP.CO.NZ)
Subject: Re: Conversion from sprinkler to drip
)
)7/7/97
)
)Peter,
)
)My reply is from the standpoint of a commercial orchardist who changed from
)overhead sprinklers to drip irrigation in the Yakima, Washington, USA area
)in apple trees. Our rainfall is 6 to 10 inches per year, with light sandy
)loam soils (rocky enough that I consider them "well drained"). The ages of
)the trees varied, from 5 years to over 40 years old. In all cases we made
)the change over at the beginning of the season.
)
)I did not experience any negative effects in tree growth or fruit quality,
)the trees made the transition without skipping a beat. To the contrary,
)the trees look as healthy and happy as they ever have. This agrees with
)what others had told me to expect with the change over.
)
)I do not have any figures for water savings, but I am certain I am using
)less water. We are in the process of changing over gradually, field by
)field, so it is difficult to measure just how much goes where; plus we use
)water for evaporative cooling, cover crop maintenance, and frost protection.
)
)Bottom line for me, I switched to drip for water savings because of a
)drought we experienced in 1994. Nonetheless, I am convinced I will make
)more money by keeping the trees happier than I ever would saving water,
)even in drought years.
)
)Todd Hurlburt
)toddh@ewa.net
Todd
In response to Peters question about sprinkler vs trickle, you mentioned
that you also use water for frost protection. I thought that
sprinklers were typically used for this, or do you have a dual sprinkler
system?
Also, how do you rate turbines, which are common around Yakima, compared
to water for frost control?
cheers
Hamish Lowe
------------------------------------------------------------------
PATTLE DELAMORE PARTNERS LIMITED phone: [64] 04 385-7829
Wellington, New Zealand fax: [64] 04 385-7828
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 8 Jul 1997 12:38:51 +1100
From: Darryl John Ross (rossd@SLIM.AGVIC.GOV.AU)
Subject: Capillary Fringe
Does anybody know anything about the capillary fringe? My
understanding is that it is the point in the soil profile where
capillary action can do longer draw water up from the underlying
water table. I am looking for definitions, and ways to determine it.
Thanks in advance
Darryl Ross
State Chemistry Laboratory
Werribee, Victoria
Australia
Email rossd@slim.agvic.gov.au
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 6 Jul 1997 to 7 Jul 1997
**************************************************
Date: Wed, 09 Jul 1997 00:00:34 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 7 Jul 1997 to 8 Jul 1997
There are 7 messages totalling 372 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Headloss Calculations. (2)
2. Capillary Fringe
3. wine grape drip
4. Water hardness and acidification for SDI
5. help with drip irrigation research
6. IRRIGATION AUSTRALIA 1998 CONFERENCE - Irrigation Science & Engineering
Stream
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Tue, 8 Jul 1997 15:12:23 +1000
From: Philip Charlesworth (pcharles@GRIFFITH.DWR.CSIRO.AU)
Subject: Headloss Calculations.
I am trying to understand how dripper line headloss calculations (eg
T-Systems 'T-Design' software) are carried out using the Darcy-Weisbach
equation.
I want to be able to calculate downline emitter flow rate variation from a
given inlet pressure and known emitter flow rate/head relationship.
Ideally I would like a copy of some simple software or spreadsheet where
this exercise is carried out.
**********************************************
* Philip Charlesworth *
* CSIRO *
* Land and Water *
* PMB 3 *
* GRIFFITH N S W 2680 *
* ph : 069 601500 Fax : 601600 *
**********************************************
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 8 Jul 1997 09:30:23 -0500
From: "W. Bryan Smith" (wsmth@CLEMSON.EDU)
Subject: Re: Capillary Fringe
) Does anybody know anything about the capillary fringe? My
) understanding is that it is the point in the soil profile where
) capillary action can do longer draw water up from the underlying
) water table. I am looking for definitions, and ways to determine it.
)
) Thanks in advance
)
) Darryl Ross
Darryl,
I have no idea how to determine the capillary fringe area (not my
area). However, I do have a text with a definition of the zone. I am
sure you already have this information, but since you asked for
definitions and may not have access to this book, I have provided a
paraphrase of what's provided in the text Hydrologic Analysis and
Design by Richard H. McCuen (1989)(ISBN 0-13-447954-8), pages
241-242. I've included what's listed for other zones as a reference
to keep things clear:
(1) The soil profile can be divided into two main sections: the
saturated zone and the aerated (unsaturated) zone.
(2) The aerated zone can then be subdivided into three subzones
(listed from the ground surface down): the root zone (also called the
soil water zone), the gravitational zone, and the capillary zone.
(3) In the saturated zone, water occupies all of the pore space and
is under hydrostatic pressure. (The water table is the upper edge of
this zone.)
(4) The root zone extends from the surface to the bottom of the root
systems of surface vegetation and is saturated for brief periods
following heavy rains.
(5) The gravitational zone extends from the bottom of the root zone
to the top of the capillary zone. Water moves through this zone
under gravitational forces, with some water held in place by
hygroscopic and capillary forces.
(6) The capillary zone extends from the gravitational zone to the
water table. Water under gravitational force moves into the capillary
zone. Water content in this zone is controlled by capillary forces.
As I recall the capillary zone will have "fingers" of moisture
drawn up into it by capillary action from the water table. OK, Now
that you have what I know on the subject, maybe someone else
could provide a measurement protocol!!!
Bryan
=|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|=
W. Bryan Smith
Area Extension Agent - Irrigation / Water Quality
Clemson Extension Service
P.O. Box 160, Newberry, South Carolina 29108 USA
Office: 803 276-1091 FAX: 803 276-1095
Internet: wsmth@clemson.edu
=|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|=
All opinions are my own and not reflective of the
policies of Clemson University or the Cooperative
Extension Service.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 8 Jul 1997 13:19:11 -0400
From: Tim1Utah@AOL.COM
Subject: Re: Headloss Calculations.
The SCS in FLorida used to have a very simple but accurate program called
"Pipe 35" that I used to use for Drip/Micro design. You might try contact
them. Good Luck
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 8 Jul 1997 13:10:10 -0700
From: Olsen Brothers (olsenbro@BENTONREA.COM)
Subject: wine grape drip
I would like to talk to someone concerning drip irrigating wine grapes
in cold climates. Strategies for developing winter hardiness under
variable soil conditions are a concern of mine.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 8 Jul 1997 16:35:20 -0500
From: Freddie Lamm (FLamm@OZNET.KSU.EDU)
Subject: Water hardness and acidification for SDI
I've had an inquiry about what level of water hardness does it become
extremely important to initiate a maintenance or continuous level of
acid water treatment.??????
Overall, I would like to know if there's some rule of thumb, but
there are specifics about this inquiry, someone might be able to
discuss. I am also interested in aquiring references that might help
with future related questions.
The particulars for the site in question is
Sodium 30ppm
Calcium 114 ppm
Magnesium 30 ppm
Potassium 17 ppm
Total Hardness (Calcium Carbonate) 410 ppm
Chloride 17 ppm
)From the information I have, there was no measurement of water pH.
I would guess from water in our region, that it might be around
7.5-7.8. The soils in the region have a calcareous nature, so
there's lots of buffering capacity in the soil, so acidification of
the soil is not a large concern.
Freddie
*
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Freddie Lamm *
Research Agricultural Engineer *** o
KSU Northwest Research-Extension Center ***** /|\
105 Experiment Farm Road *******\\
Colby, Kansas 67701-1697 *********
Ph. 913-462-6281 ***********
FAX 913-462-2315 *************
Email:flamm@oznet.ksu.edu It's all downhill from here.
------ THERE'S NO DOMAIN LIKE OZ, THERE'S NO DOMAIN LIKE OZ. ------
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 9 Jul 1997 11:37:39 +1000
From: celia sweeney (c.sweeney@CNETNS.TCP.CSIRO.AU)
Subject: help with drip irrigation research
)Dear readers,
You may have already seen the below message and have been trying to reach
me. There has been some problems with my e-mail adress which have
hopefully been cleared up now. Apologies to anyone who has been trying to
get through,
Celia Sweeney
OLD MESSAGE reads as follows-
)
)I am starting some research on drip irrigation and was wondering if anyone
might know of any recent PhD theses or good reviews which may be available
to me in Australia and would appreciate any information.
)
)Thanks in advance,
)
)Celia Sweeney.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 9 Jul 1997 13:34:24 +0500
From: "Dr. Basant Maheshwari" (b.maheshwari@UWS.EDU.AU)
Subject: IRRIGATION AUSTRALIA 1998 CONFERENCE - Irrigation Science &
Engineering Stream
Dear Irrigation Professionals,
An irrigation conference is being held in Australia during 19-21 May 1998
in Brisbane, Queensland. The Organising Committee invites you to
participate in this exiciting event in 1998. In addition to a wide range
of papers and keynote speakers, the conference includes 'Irrigation Expo'
enabling the participants to see first-hand irrigation equipment and
technologies from Australia and overseas. Further details about the
conference are given below.
I am sorry for any cross-posting of this message.
Dr. Basant Maheshwari
Chair, Organising Committee
(Irrigation Science & Engineering Stream)
University of Western Sydney
Richmond, NSW 2753
___________________________________________________________
IRRIGATION AUSTRALIA 1998 CONFERENCE
**Water is Gold**
Irrigation Science & Engineering
Stream
Introduction
Agriculture is the major user of water, consuming more than two-third of
the water withdrawn from rivers, lakes and aquifers. As population
increases and standard of living goes up, water consumption is expected to
increase and the water will become more scarce and valuable resource.
Competition for water among agricultural, industrial and domestic users is
already constraining irrigated agriculture. Paradoxically, even water is
becoming scarce, as much as 60 percent of irrigation water diverted from
reservoirs or other sources do not reach crop and is wasted. Inefficient
irrigation practices not only means the loss of precious water but also
cause waterlogging and salinity. It is also apparent that the managers and
technologists must design and operate irrigation systems much smarter as we
move into the 21st century.
The 'Irrigation Science and Engineering Stream 1998' will be a key
component of the 'Irrigation Australia 1998 Conference'' organised by the
Irrigation Association of Australia during 19-21 May 1998 in Brisbane,
Queensland, Australia. The Conference will include local and overseas
keynote speakers, oral and poster presentation of papers and an irrigation
expo.
Purpose
The main purpose of Conference is to examine the widespread poor use and
management of irrigation water and focus on ways to improve and sustain the
performance of irrigation systems through better management. It will
improve understanding of the problems that irrigators and water resource
managers are currently facing -- how to minimise the wastage of irrigation
water, produce more per unit volume of water used and avoid degradation of
land and water resources?
The Conference is expected to brings together irrigators, scientists,
practitioners, extension specialists, engineers, manufacturers and
technologists from Australia and overseas with interest in utilising water
and land in an environmentally responsible manner to produce food and
fibre. It will promote the exchange of ideas for improving practices and
creating a better understanding of challenges ahead for better management
of irrigated agriculture.
The main objective of the Irrigation Science and Engineering Stream within
the Conference is to create a better understanding of irrigation management
and related issues by providing a multi-disciplinary forum for information
exchange on cutting-edge research, state-of-the-art technology, and
emerging techniques that provide solutions to present day and anticipated
challenges related to irrigated agriculture.
Topic Areas for the Stream
The stream program will feature technical sessions on a topics relating to
the use, management, and conservation of irrigation water. Participants
will share information and expand their knowledge to positively impact this
precious resource, i.e. irrigation water. Abstracts for oral and poster
presentations are sought on the following topics:
* Irrigation scheduling, salinity and water management
* Application of computer models in irrigated agriculture
* Development and application of best management practices
* Irrigation water quality
* Environmental needs of water
* Irrigation demand management strategies
* Drainage technology
* Irrigation management for developing countries
* Sustainability of irrigation infrastructure
* Social and economic aspects of irrigation
* Crop water use and modelling
Organising Committee
* Professor Wayne Meyer
CSIRO Division of Land & Water Resources, Griffith and
Charles Sturt University, Wagga
Tel: 61+69 601562 Fax: 61+69 601600
w.meyer@griffith.dwr.csiro.au
* Professor Rod Smith
University of Southern Queensland
Toowoomba
Tel: 61+76 312510 Fax: 61+76 312526
smithrod@usq.edu.au
* Dr Hector Malano
University of Melbourne, Parkville
Tel: 61+3 9344 6645 Fax: 61+3 9344 6868
malano@civag.unimelb.edu.au
* Mr Geoff Connellan
University of Melbourne, Burnley
Tel: 61+3 9250 6800 Fax: 61+3 9250 6885
G.Connellan@vcah.unimelb.edu.au
* Mr Sid Dyer
Australian Agritech
Nerang, Queensland
Tel. / Fax 61+7 5533 2026
* Dr Basant Maheshwari
Chair, Organising Committee (Irrigation Stream)
University of Western Sydney
Richmond
Tel: 61+45 701 235 Fax: 61+45 701 750
Important Dates
*Deadline for receipt of abstracts from intending contributors: 29 August 1997.
*Acceptance of abstract to authors: 30 September 1997.
*Deadline for receipt of manuscripts for full papers: 28 February 1998.
*Deadline for payment of Symposium fees and campus accommodation: 15
February 1998.
*Conference Program and Registration Form available: December 1997.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Please send the Registration of Interest Form (see below) to:
Professor Rod Smith
Head, Agri. & Env. Engineering
University of Southern Queensland
Toowoomba, QLd 4350
Australia
Tel: 61+76+312510 Fax: 61+76+ 312526
E-mail : smithrod@usq.edu.au
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
REGISTRATION OF INTEREST
IRRIGATION AUSTRALIA 1998 CONFERENCE
**Water is Gold**
Irrigation Science & Engineering Stream
--------------------------------------------
Title: ........................
First name: .................................................
Last name: .................................................
Postal
address.........................................................................
..............................................................
................................................................................
...............................................................................
.................................................................
Tel.: (0 )..................................................
Fax: (0 )...................................................
E-mail: ......................................................
? Yes, I will attend the Conference.
? Yes, I will attend the Conference and present a paper in the Stream. The
abstract of my paper is attached herewith.
Paper title:
................................................................................
...................................................................
................................................................................
................................................................................
......
................................................................................
................................................................................
.....
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 7 Jul 1997 to 8 Jul 1997
**************************************************
Date: Thu, 10 Jul 1997 00:00:03 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 8 Jul 1997 to 9 Jul 1997
There are 5 messages totalling 220 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Conversion from sprinkler to drip
2. Headloss Calculations.
3. Water hardness and acidification for SDI (2)
4. electro-static precipiter(sp?)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Tue, 8 Jul 1997 19:06:02 -1000
From: "Joseph H. Loewenhardt" (kalopa@INTERPAC.NET)
Subject: Re: Conversion from sprinkler to drip
At 01:55 PM 7/4/97 +1000, you wrote:
)To all,
)
)Could somebody direct me to some good refernces dealing with the affect on
)crop growth, yield etc when you convert orchards from sprinklers to drip.
)
)Also some figures on water savings.
)
)I have a copy of a paper published in horticultural reviews written by DC
)Elfving. Some references are made to apples etc and also Citrus. However
)most are from the 1970's. Some recent quotes would be good.
)
)I am mostly interested in Evergreen crops such as Avocadoes, Citrus,
Macadamias.
)
)Thanks in advance.
)Peter Broomhall
)Horticulural Consultant
)
)Hortech Services Pty Ltd
)a.c.n. 060 406 957
)P.O. Box 370
)Kallangur QLD 4503
)Australia
)
)P: +61 418 708 573
)F: +61 7 3886 0389
)
)hortech@ats.com.au
)
)Peter,
For drip on macadamia nut trees you might try contacting Virgina Easton
Smith at the University of Hawaii Extension office in Kailua-Kona Hawaii.
She works with quite a number of farmers as well as the Macadamia Nut
Association in Hawaii. Her email address is vsmith@hawaii.edu.
Aloha,
Sue Loewenhardt
=============================================================================
Joseph H. Loewenhardt, CRA-377
Certified Residential Appraiser
Email mailto:kalopa@interpac.net
Snail P.O. Box 1635
mail Honokaa, Hawaii 96727
Phone
& Fax (808) 775-0411
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 9 Jul 1997 09:18:17 -0500
From: Don Pitts (djp@ICON.IMOK.UFL.EDU)
Subject: Re: Headloss Calculations.
Philip,
A description of the procedure is given in the following
publication: Pitts, D.J., J.A. Ferguson, and R.E. Wright. 1986. Trickle
irrigation lateral line design by computer analysis. Transaction of the
American Society Agricultural Engineers, 29(5):1320-1324. St. Joseph, MI.
Don Pitts
At 03:12 PM 7/8/97 +1000, you wrote:
)I am trying to understand how dripper line headloss calculations (eg
)T-Systems 'T-Design' software) are carried out using the Darcy-Weisbach
)equation.
)
)I want to be able to calculate downline emitter flow rate variation from a
)given inlet pressure and known emitter flow rate/head relationship.
)
)Ideally I would like a copy of some simple software or spreadsheet where
)this exercise is carried out.
)**********************************************
)* Philip Charlesworth *
)* CSIRO *
)* Land and Water *
)* PMB 3 *
)* GRIFFITH N S W 2680 *
)* ph : 069 601500 Fax : 601600 *
)**********************************************
)
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 9 Jul 1997 09:36:47 -0500
From: Don Pitts (djp@ICON.IMOK.UFL.EDU)
Subject: Re: Water hardness and acidification for SDI
Freddie,
The likelihood of calcium carbonate scaling can be predicted by
calculating the Langelier Saturation Index (LI), which is defined as the
actual pH minus the saturation pH. If you know the total dissolved solid
(mg/L), calcium (mg/L), alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3) concentration, and pH and
temperature, the=A0saturation pH can be determined. You should measure the=
pH
of the irrigation water at the well.
I will mail you a copy of a spreadsheet (LOTUS123) that performs the
calculation. The temperature effect will be less important with SDI. With
above ground micro irrigation, the temperature factor can be important since
the solubility of calcium carbonate decreases as temperature increases.
Don Pitts
University of Florida
At 04:35 PM 7/8/97 -0500, you wrote:
)I've had an inquiry about what level of water hardness does it become
)extremely important to initiate a maintenance or continuous level of
)acid water treatment.??????
)
)Overall, I would like to know if there's some rule of thumb, but
)there are specifics about this inquiry, someone might be able to
)discuss. I am also interested in aquiring references that might help
)with future related questions.
)
)The particulars for the site in question is
)Sodium 30ppm
)Calcium 114 ppm
)Magnesium 30 ppm
)Potassium 17 ppm
)Total Hardness (Calcium Carbonate) 410 ppm
)Chloride 17 ppm
)
)From the information I have, there was no measurement of water pH.
)I would guess from water in our region, that it might be around
)7.5-7.8. The soils in the region have a calcareous nature, so
)there's lots of buffering capacity in the soil, so acidification of
)the soil is not a large concern.
)
)Freddie
)*
)-------------------------------------------------------------------
)Freddie Lamm *
)Research Agricultural Engineer *** o
)KSU Northwest Research-Extension Center ***** /|\
)105 Experiment Farm Road *******\\
)Colby, Kansas 67701-1697 *********
)Ph. 913-462-6281 ***********
)FAX 913-462-2315 *************
)Email:flamm@oznet.ksu.edu It's all downhill from here.
)
)------ THERE'S NO DOMAIN LIKE OZ, THERE'S NO DOMAIN LIKE OZ. ------
)
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 9 Jul 1997 08:58:27 -0700
From: "Agricultural Supply, Inc." (esc@ADNC.COM)
Subject: electro-static precipiter(sp?)
e have received a question from a client regarding a device which places an
electronic charge on irrigation water and thereby helps to drive salts out
of the root zone. Has anyone heard of this ? Know anything about the concept?
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 8 Jul 1997 05:09:38 +0200
From: Hugo Latymer (latymer@CTV.ES)
Subject: Re: Water hardness and acidification for SDI
Hugo Latymer Mallorca Spain Zone 9-10
latymer@ctv.es
----------
) De: Freddie Lamm (FLamm@OZNET.KSU.EDU)
) A: TRICKLE-L@CRCVMS.UNL.EDU
) Asunto: Water hardness and acidification for SDI
) Fecha: martes 8 de julio de 1997 23:35
)
) I've had an inquiry about what level of water hardness does it become
) extremely important to initiate a maintenance or continuous level of
) acid water treatment.??????
) *
) -------------------------------------------------------------------
)
Freddie Your soil sounds much the same as ours here
in Mallorca (Mediterranean Spain), not exceedingly
alkaline but well buffered. We inject nitric acid into
all the water used for irrigation to drop the pH from
7.6 to 6.0 They say that peat growing composts need
a lower pH than soil and ours is peat and coconut and
I dare say that 5.8 might be ideal. But we have had
problems with nitrification of the ground water which
is only 20m. down.
This water treatment prevents scale forming
in sun-scalded irrigation pipes and at the nozzles,
provides about the cheapest nitrogen fertiliser, for some
reason and prevents cloudy calcium deposits on the
leaves of glossy indoor plants that spoils their value.
The plants quite clearly like the lower pH too. We used
to water overhead, but noting a rise in the nitrogen levels
of the ground water we have shifted to drip of various
kinds and are saving over half our water and fertiliser.
Hugo
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 8 Jul 1997 to 9 Jul 1997
**************************************************
Date: Fri, 11 Jul 1997 00:00:43 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 9 Jul 1997 to 10 Jul 1997
There are 5 messages totalling 275 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Heat Pulse Probes (3)
2. Fwd: Schedule
3. Introduction to TRICKLE-L
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Thu, 10 Jul 1997 14:29:20 +0930
From: norton.scott@WPO.PI.SA.GOV.AU
Subject: Heat Pulse Probes
Dear All,
I was wondering is anyone aware of what heat pulse probes are on the market
for measuring soil water. Th only one I am aware of is from DRW Engineering
in Australia but I understand there may be a Campbell unit? Any information will
be gratefully received.
regards,
Scott W Norton
Irrigated Crop Management Service
PO Box 411
Loxton
AUSTRALIA 5333
norton.scott@pi.sa.gov.au
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 10 Jul 1997 09:40:25 -0700
From: Richard Mead (rmead@AGRILINK-INT.COM)
Subject: Re: Heat Pulse Probes
Howdy Scott!
Re: )I was wondering is anyone aware of what heat pulse probes are on the
market
)for measuring soil water. Th only one I am aware of is from DRW Engineering
)in Australia but I understand there may be a Campbell unit? Any
information will
)be gratefully received.
)
)regards,
)
)Scott W Norton
Dr. Claude Phene of SDI+ sells a soil matric potential sensor based on heat
dissipation. The only reference paper I have in my database is one I helped
contribute to:
C.J. Phene,D. Clark,C. Gardon,R. Mead. 1991.
The soil matric potential sensor research and applications.
Proceedings, S-1 Symposium on Measurement of Soil Physical Properties
ASA/CSSA/SSSA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.
Advances in Measurement of Soil Physical Properties: Bringing Theory into
Practice,
SSSA Special Publication No. 30
While at the USDA Water Management Lab, we used these sensors to control
irrigations on a subsurface drip project using a threshold approach. The
sensors automatically controlled irrigations which we monitored by yours
truly 500 miles/800 km away back at the lab. Either Trickle-L subscriber
Robert Phene (Claude's son) or someone from my old lab (Water Management
Research Laboratory-ARS) can offer other papers that CJP wrote on his
system. Last time I talked to Claude, these sensors go for about $100 a piece.
Richard Mead
Trickle-L owner/manager
www.mif.org
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 10 Jul 1997 12:46:37 -0400
From: Tim1Utah@AOL.COM
Subject: Fwd: Schedule
FYI
---------------------
Forwarded message:
From: lori@irrigation.org (Lori Brown)
To: Tim1Utah@aol.com (Tim)
Date: 97-07-07 16:01:45 EDT
THE IRRIGATION ASSOCIATION
SCHEDULE OF EDUCATION COURSES
TEXAS
AMARILLO
ELECTRICAL TROUBLESHOOTING - JULY 21, 1997
DESIGN HYDRAULICS
ABILENE
ELECTRICAL TROUBLESHOOTING - JULY 22, 1997
DESIGN HYDRAULICS
DENTON
ELECTRICAL TROUBLESHOOTING - JULY 23, 1997
DESIGN HYDRAULICS
McALLEN
DRIP IN THE LANDSCAPE - JULY 25, 1997
SPONSORED
BY TEXAS TURF IRRIGATION ASSOCIATION
CO-SPONSORS
RAINBIRD, WESTERN INDUSTRIAL, TORO N.S.N., DENTEX SUPPLY, PIPE N HEADS,
AMC INDUSTRIES, Z-WATER WORKS
NEBRASKA
OMAHA
ELECTRICAL TROUBLESHOOTING - JULY 24, 1997
SPONSORED BY THE NEBRASKA TURF IRRIGATION ASSOCIATION
HOSTED BY BH&L TURF IRRIGATION SUPPLY
KANSAS
HUTCHINSON
ELECTRICAL TROUBLESHOOTING - JULY 25, 1997
SPONSORED BY THE KANSAS IRRIGATION ASSOCIATION
CO-SPONSORED BY THE KANSAS ASSOCIATION OF NURSERYMEN
HOSTED BY BH&L TURF IRRIGATION SUPPLY
SOUTH CAROLINA
MT. PLEASANT
LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION AUDITOR - JULY 29-JULY 30, 1997
SPONSORED BY: CAROLINAS IRRIGATION ASSOCIATION
HOSTED BY: MT. PLEASANT WATERWORKS COMMISSION
TEXAS
SAN ANTONIO
DRIP IN THE LANDSCAPE - AUGUST 8, 1997
SPONSORED BY: SAN ANTONIO IRRIGATION ASSOCIATION
ALABAMA
MONTGOMERY
CERTIFIED IRRIGATION CONTRACTOR - AUGUST 10-11, 1997
ELECTRICAL TROUBLESHOOTING - SEPTEMBER 14, 1997
SPONSORED BY: ALABAMA IRRIGATION ASSOCIATION
UTAH
SALT LAKE CITY
LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION AUDITOR - AUGUST 14-15, 1997
SPONSORED BY: UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE
KANSAS
WICHITA
CERTIFIED IRRIGATION CONTRACTOR - SEPTEMBER 8-9, 1997
LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION DESIGN - DECEMBER 8-9, 1997
SPONSORED BY THE KANSAS IRRIGATION ASSOCIATION
HOSTED BY THE CITY OF WICHITA
ILLINOIS
HOFFMAN ESTATES
LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION AUDITOR - SEPTEMBER 10-11, 1997
SPONSORED BY THE ILLIONIS TURF IRRIGATION ASSOCIATION
HOSTED BY SEARS WORLD HEADQUARTERS
NEW MEXICO
RUIDOSO
LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION AUDITOR - SEPTEMBER 15-16, 1997
SPONSORED BY THE NEW MEXICO IRRIGATION ASSOCIATION
HOSTED BY RMSAWWWA/RMWEA
CALIFORNIA
CORONA
INSTALLATION SUMMER CAMP - OCTOBER 6-10, 1997
SPONSORED BY CALIFORNIAL LANDSCAPE CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION
RIVERSIDE CORONA CONSERVATION DISTRICT
HOSTED BY CITY OF CORONA
THE IRRIGATION ASSOCIATION RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CANCEL ANY OR ALL
CLASSES AS NECESSARY.
*FOR GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING REGISTRATION FORMS AND INFORMATION
CONTACT:
LORI M. BROWN
EDUCATION MANAGER
PHONE: (703) 573-3551 FAX: (703) 573-1913
ADDITIONAL SITES AND DATES WILL BE FORTHCOMING
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 10 Jul 1997 10:50:09 -0700
From: ROBERT (EXPLORER1@WORLDNET.ATT.NET)
Subject: Re: Heat Pulse Probes
Dear Scott,
For more information on our soil moisture sensor and control systems,
Please contact BCP Electronics at:
Phone:(209)298-8068 e-mail:bcpe@lightspeed.com
We have a web page under construction at this time. Unfortunately we do not
have the research papers or brochure available on line at this time. We
will be happy to send you any information via snail mail.
Regards,
Robert Phene
BCP ELECTRONICS
----------
) From: norton.scott@WPO.PI.SA.GOV.AU
) To: TRICKLE-L@crcvms.unl.edu
) Subject: Heat Pulse Probes
) Date: Wednesday, July 09, 1997 9:59 PM
)
) Dear All,
)
) I was wondering is anyone aware of what heat pulse probes are on the
market
) for measuring soil water. Th only one I am aware of is from DRW
Engineering
) in Australia but I understand there may be a Campbell unit? Any
information will
) be gratefully received.
)
) regards,
)
) Scott W Norton
) Irrigated Crop Management Service
) PO Box 411
) Loxton
) AUSTRALIA 5333
) norton.scott@pi.sa.gov.au
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 10 Jul 1997 23:17:30 +0000
From: Volker Heinrich (v.heinrich@LRZ.TU-MUENCHEN.DE)
Subject: Introduction to TRICKLE-L
Hi together,
the time has come to introduce myself as new member for trickle-l. My
name is Volker Heinrich, I'am a MSc at the vegetable branch of the
Technical University of Munich Germany. In many different projects all
over the world we are researching with different kinds of crops mostly
cultivated with drip irrigation. Since I'am new to my job my first
target is to freshen the material about irrigation I got teached at
university. So I will behave as a silent reader, to see whats going on
and how they think and what they do- the irrigators ;-) Information
about the trickle-l maillist I got by Tino Mosler, who has also
subscribed to that list and works at the same branch like I do.
Many greetings,
Volker Heinrich ... nur Fliegen sind schoener!
Tel: 08161 22413 Fax: 08161 22417
Volker Heinrich ... nur Fliegen sind sch=F6ner!
Tel: 08161 22413 Fax: 08161 22417
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 9 Jul 1997 to 10 Jul 1997
***************************************************
Date: Mon, 14 Jul 1997 00:00:51 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 10 Jul 1997 to 13 Jul 1997
There is one message totalling 25 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Injecting Fertilizer in Trickle Irrigation
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Sun, 13 Jul 1997 08:40:00 -0600
From: Rick Simpson (bcsl@POBOX.COM)
Subject: Injecting Fertilizer in Trickle Irrigation
I have purchased a Blue White Flowmeter with the intent
of injecting liquid fertilizer into a drip irrigation
system for watering Habanero peppers. The flow meter was not
accompanied with any instructions regarding where to attach the
injection tube (before or after the pump). Can anyone help this
non-hydrologist.
Rick in Belize
Rick Simpson
Box 180 - 2 Unity Blvd
Belmopan, BELIZE
Central America
www.belizenet.com/bcsl.html
Tel & Fax: 501-82-3505
EMail: bcsl@pobox.com
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 10 Jul 1997 to 13 Jul 1997
****************************************************
Date: Tue, 15 Jul 1997 00:02:33 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 13 Jul 1997 to 14 Jul 1997
There are 2 messages totalling 52 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. electro-static precipiter(sp?)
2. Greenhouse design
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Mon, 14 Jul 1997 07:38:41 -0700
From: "J.D. Oster" (oster@MAIL.UCR.EDU)
Subject: Re: electro-static precipiter(sp?)
These devices, which have had several variations over the years, likely
have no permanent effect on the water or any dissolved constituent in the
water. Ask your client for some more information about the device-- like an
advertizement brochure, the name of the vender, etc. Another question for
your client would be, does the vender have any independent assessment of
the device done by someone who understands electostatics? That someone
would likely need to be a physical chemist, physist, or a chemical
engineer. At 08:58 AM 7/9/97 -0700, you wrote:
)e have received a question from a client regarding a device which places an
)electronic charge on irrigation water and thereby helps to drive salts out
)of the root zone. Has anyone heard of this ? Know anything about the concept?
)
J.D.(Jim) Oster
Soil and Water Specialist and Adjunct Professor
Soil and Environmental Sciences
University of California
Riverside, CA.
FAX: 909 787-5522
P.O Box 1344
Graeagle CA 96103
Telehones
VOICE:
Riverside Office 909 787-5100 Nov 1997
Graeagle Office 916 8360938 May through October 1997
e-mail: Oster@mail.ucr.edu
http://esce.ucr.edu
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 14 Jul 1997 14:44:06 -0800
From: Jerry Neufeld (jneufeld@FS.SCS.UNR.EDU)
Subject: Greenhouse design
Can anyone recommend a reference publication for greenhouse design?
Thanks,
Jerry Neufeld
(702) 635-6656
jerry@scs.unr.edu
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 13 Jul 1997 to 14 Jul 1997
****************************************************
Date: Wed, 16 Jul 1997 00:01:47 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 14 Jul 1997 to 15 Jul 1997
There are 3 messages totalling 74 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Greenhouse design (2)
2. wine grape drip
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Tue, 15 Jul 1997 07:59:08 -0300
From: Clinton Morse - EEB Greenhouse Manager (ebgadm01@UCONNVM.UCONN.EDU)
Subject: Re: Greenhouse design
At 02:44 PM 7/14/97 -0800, you wrote:
) Can anyone recommend a reference publication for greenhouse design?
Greenhouse Engineering - Aldrich & Bartok - 3rd Rev 1994, 212 pages
Publication NRAES-33
Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service
152 Riley Robb Hall
Cooperative Extension
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY14853-5701
------------------------------------------------------------------
Clinton Morse - Greenhouse Manager
Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
75 North Eagleville Rd., Box U-42
University of Connecticut, Storrs CT 06269
E-Mail to: ebgadm01@uconnvm.uconn.edu
WWW Server(s):
Greenhouse: http://florawww.eeb.uconn.edu/
Rogaining: http://florawww.eeb.uconn.edu/rogaine/calendar.htm
Pack Goats: http://florawww.eeb.uconn.edu/packgoat/packgoat.htm
------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 15 Jul 1997 23:19:25 -0400
From: GroAire@AOL.COM
Subject: Re: wine grape drip
Hello Olson Brothers,
My name is Dave Enyeart of GroAire Irrigation Inc. of Denver, Colorado. I am
currently involved in developing a piece of ground here in Denver for wine
grapes. The first beta plot will consist of five acres of subsurface drip in
conjunction with subaeration. A genuine concern of growing grapes in this
climate is the subzero temperatures that we encounter during January and
February of minus 20 Farenheit. At that temperature cane damage sets in. What
we are proposing is to utilize the subaeration systems to warm a zone around
the vine during those periods. A poly windbreak will extend from the top of
the trellis to ground level on the windward side of the row. When the
temperature drops then the air will be delivered to the root zone and it will
percolate up around the plant and into the wind barrier protecting the cane
from damage. The blowers we utilize generate 120 degrees above ambient , so
if we have minus 20 plus 120 degree delta across the blower then the
discharge temperature will be a positive 100 degrees. We have already seen
frost protection on low level crops such as melons and peppers in a zero wind
condition where there was a direct temperature inversion below freezing. I
have had my growers from Nebraska to Southern Colorado report similar
benefits during the fall of the year on vegetables.
Dave Enyeart
GroAire@aol.com
303-650-0472
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 15 Jul 1997 23:32:09 -0400
From: GroAire@AOL.COM
Subject: Re: Greenhouse design
Hello Jerry,
Contact tom Tinnsman @ area code 303-457-4000 fax 3030-457-1545. Tell him
Dave Enyeart sent you. You will find him more than cooperative.
GroAire@aol.com
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 14 Jul 1997 to 15 Jul 1997
****************************************************
Date: Mon, 21 Jul 1997 00:02:19 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 15 Jul 1997 to 20 Jul 1997
There is one message totalling 56 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Environmental journalists meeting; non-members invited
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Sun, 20 Jul 1997 18:02:04 +0000
From: Russell Clemings (clemings@CRIS.COM)
Subject: Environmental journalists meeting; non-members invited
Please circulate this notice freely:
ENVIRONMENTAL JOURNALISTS TO MEET IN TUCSON
The Society of Environmental Journalists is pleased to announce that
registration is now open for its Seventh National Conference, Oct.
2-5, 1997, at the University of Arizona in Tucson, co-sponsored by
the University of Arizona, the Morris K. Udall Foundation, and the
Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy.
Non-members are welcome to attend all national conferences of
the Society, a 501(c)3 non-profit organization with 1,100 members
and a mission of "improving the quality, visibility and accuracy of
environmental journalism."
This year's conference is our most ambitious yet, and features a
plenary session on the successes and failures of environmental
side accords to NAFTA, the North American Free Trade Agreement.
Also planned are a debate on public lands policy by former
secretaries of the Interior, plus concurrent sessions on topics such
as "Is Deregulation the Death of Big Nukes," and "Competing Visions
for the Environmental Movement."
Confirmed speakers and panelists to date include Bruce Babbitt,
secretary of the Interior; Maurice Strong, secretary-general of the
United Nations Earth Summit, who will moderate the NAFTA plenary;
Mike Dombeck, Chief of the USDA Forest Service; and California State
Sen. Tom Hayden, D-Los Angeles.
A complete conference program is posted on SEJ's Environmental
Journalism Home Page at (http://www.sej.org). Online registration
is also available at that URL. Conference registration by Aug. 1 is
$125 for SEJ members and $375 for non-members. After Aug. 1.
rates are $150 for members and $425 for non-members. A limited
number of travel fellowships are available for journalists from
Mexico and Central/South America; contact the SEJ office
(sejoffice@aol.com) for details.
============================================================
Russell Clemings Preferred: clemings@cris.com
The Fresno Bee Alternate: clemings@fresnobee.com
1626 E St. Voice: (209) 441-6371
Fresno, CA 93786 Fax: (209) 441-6436
Environmental Journalism Home Page: http://www.sej.org
Personal URL: http://www.cris.com/~clemings
============================================================
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 15 Jul 1997 to 20 Jul 1997
****************************************************
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 1997 00:02:49 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 20 Jul 1997 to 22 Jul 1997
There are 4 messages totalling 152 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Help with plugging problems
2. Revision of ASAE EP-458
3. cleaning drip system
4. Introductory answers
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Tue, 22 Jul 1997 15:28:07 -0500
From: Joe Poirier (poirier@ACCN.ORG)
Subject: Help with plugging problems
Hello,
I am someone who is very new to the field of drip irrigation. I have been
growing roses
hydroponically in a greenhouse in Western Michigan for about 3 years. I
have had a great
deal of trouble with plugging emitters. We use well water that is about
320ppm of bicarb. We use Nitric, Phosphoric, and Sulfuric acids to
regulate PH and provide nutrients. But, in order to condition the water so
as to slow/stop the plugging we would need to add more acid than the plants
want. We then get poor plant health. Can anyone tell me the latest
solutions to this problem? Joe Poirier
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 22 Jul 1997 16:02:48 -0500
From: Freddie Lamm (FLamm@OZNET.KSU.EDU)
Subject: Revision of ASAE EP-458
ASAE Engineering Practice 458 concerns the field evaluation of
microirrigation systems. It is currently being revised by myself and
others.
I specifically would like comments as to whether any Trickle-l
members are using the section related to water application
efficiency, Section 3.3 ????????????
Please feel free to forward your comments directly to me at the
address listed below.
For those of you not familiar with EP-458, it can be found in the
ASAE standards book or as single copy, available from ASAE at
hq@asae.org
Freddie
*
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Freddie Lamm *
Research Agricultural Engineer *** o
KSU Northwest Research-Extension Center ***** /|\
105 Experiment Farm Road *******\\
Colby, Kansas 67701-1697 *********
Ph. 913-462-6281 ***********
FAX 913-462-2315 *************
Email:flamm@oznet.ksu.edu It's all downhill from here.
------ THERE'S NO DOMAIN LIKE OZ, THERE'S NO DOMAIN LIKE OZ. ------
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 1997 10:55:59 +0800
From: Terry Berke (terry@NETRA.AVRDC.ORG.TW)
Subject: cleaning drip system
I have problems with algae and hard water deposits in my drip irrigation
system. I use a cistern as a holding tank before the water is pumped into
the drip system because we also have sediment in our water. How can I
clean hard water deposits on my drippers? Can I run dilute acid or bleach
thru the system? If so, what dilution is safe to use? How can I prevent
algae from growing?
Thanks,
Terry Berke, Pepper Breeding Project
Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center
Box 42 Shanhua Tainan 741, Taiwan ROC
phone 8866 583 7801
fax 8866 583 0009
Web page http://www.avrdc.org.tw
email terry@netra.avrdc.org.tw
Did you know that . a fire in the Chilli Market in Guntur, chilli-growing
capital of India, killed one person and burned 3000 tons of dried red
chillies. According to The Mumbai Age newspaper, "Pungent odor from the
charred chillies hampered the fire fighting operation."
Recipe of the month: Tomato-Serrano Juice, from "Jump Up and Kiss Me", by
Jennifer Trainer Thompson
3 cups tomato juice 2 serranos, stems and seeds removed
9-10 fresh cilantro leaves 1 Tb. lemon juice
« tsp. salt dash black pepper
3 Tb. horseradish
Blend all ingredients in a blender. Chill and drink. This juice doesn't
jump up and kiss you, it sneaks up and bites you, so watch out!
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 1997 00:00:40 -0500
From: Joe Poirier (poirier@ACCN.ORG)
Subject: Introductory answers
Questions as presented by Richard
1) Briefly, what is your affiliation with trickle/drip irrigation?
2) What crops or plants do you use drip irrigation on?
3) If using subsurface drip irrigation, what is the average depth of
placement of the drip lateral?
4) What problems have you encountered with drip irrigation?
5) Fertigation is a real advantage of drip irrigation. What form of N, P
and K have you been trying and to what success?
6) Have you experienced a reduction in fertilizer and/or water use?
7) Do you have water quality problems? If so, how do you tackle the
situation?
8) How frequent do you irrigate? Many times a day, one long session per
day, or once every several days?
9) Do you have rodent damage? If so, how do you control the problem?
10) Are you pleased with the uniformity of your system or systems? Were
they designed correctly?
11) How did you find out about the Trickle-L mailing list?
My answers
1. I use drip irrigation to grow roses hydroponically.
2. See 1.
3. It is surface irrigation.
4. My one problem with drip irrigation is plugging. Otherwise I would not
use any other form of irr.
5. I get N from Potassium Nitrate, Calcium Nitrate, Ammonium Nitrate, and
Nitric acid.
I get P from Phosphoric acid.
I get K from Potassium Nitrate only.
6. I have never used anything but drip irrigation.
7. Yes my water is quite poor(as far as bicarbonate is concerned). I use
Nitric, Phosphoric, and Sulfuric acid to neutralize bicarbonate. Otherwise
my water is quite low in sodium and chlorides.
8. I irrigate about every other hour during the day and a couple of times
at night. Typical irrigation duration is about 5 minutes.
9. I have no rodent damage because the beds are raised and covered in a
greenhouse.
10. The uniformity of water application is excellent (except when plugging
occurs) because there is very little slope to my rose beds.
11. I found out about Trickle-L when I did a search for "drip irrigation
plugging". That led me to the Water Management Research Lab site.
Joe Poirier
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 20 Jul 1997 to 22 Jul 1997
****************************************************
Date: Thu, 24 Jul 1997 00:03:24 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 22 Jul 1997 to 23 Jul 1997
There are 5 messages totalling 208 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Overhead vs. Flood Irrigation of Apples
2. Microorganisms through drip systems? (2)
3. Correction
4. Soil microbes
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Thu, 17 Jul 1997 12:04:32 -0400
From: John Cline (clinej@ICAN.NET)
Subject: Overhead vs. Flood Irrigation of Apples
I've had an inquiry for information/research demonstrating the
advantages/disadvantages of overhead irrigation vs flood irrigation of
apple trees. If anyone has some personal experience or knows of information
in the literature pertaining to the above, it would be greatly appreciated.
__________________________________________________
Dr. John A. Cline
Research Scientist - Pomology
University of Guelph
Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario
Box 587, Simcoe, Ontario
N3Y 4N5
Tel: 519-426-7127 ext 331
Fax: 519-426-1225
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 1997 09:38:51 -0700
From: Richard Mead (rmead@AGRILINK-INT.COM)
Subject: Microorganisms through drip systems?
Fellow Tricklers,
In today's Wall Street Journal-California Section, there is an article
about a relatively new company that produces an interesting product. The
company, Eco Soil Systems Inc., has a fermentation tank (called a BioJect)
which can be leased out to remain on site to produce "good bugs" from a
fermentation process. The microbes are then injected into the irrigation
system to ultimately replace synthetic pesticides and fungicides. Most of
the clientele for this product have been golf course superintendents (300
BioJects are now in place on golf courses). But the product seems to be
expanding into the agricultural market. Since it's a San Diego based
company, avocado growers in the region have experimented with the product
and some farmers have claimed yield increases and reduction in soil
salinity. One farmer claimed that BioJect saved his 100 acres (40.5
hectares) of avocado trees.
After reading this article, several questions came to mind:
- Has anyone used this product through a microirrigation system?
- If this product is truly effective, could it be used to replace methyl
bromide in crops such as strawberries? As I recall, methyl bromide will
soon be banned.
- I can understand yield increases of any crop/plant if the soil is
"healthier", but do not understand how microbes would effect the sodium
exchange ratio and cause flocculation. Are there any microbiologists in the
crowd who can explain this claimed soil salinity reduction phenomenon?
If this product takes off in the agricultural market, it will have a chance
to seize some of the $30 billion global market for agrichemical products.
Looking forward to comments!
Richard Mead
Trickle-L and Microirrigation Forum owner/manager
www.mif.org
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 1997 11:48:30 -0700
From: Richard Mead (rmead@AGRILINK-INT.COM)
Subject: Correction
In a recent posting on soil microorganisms, I had used the term "sodium
exchange ratio". Please excuse this scientific blunder...I meant to use the
term "sodium adsorption ratio", or SAR.
Hope this keeps the soil chemists happy!
Richard Mead
Trickle-L owner/manager
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 1997 16:16:46 -0700
From: "Aron A. Quist" (stanworth@MAIL.TELIS.ORG)
Subject: Re: Microorganisms through drip systems?
Dear Sirs:
This company is not the only one marketting this product. There is one
that I have worked with called Green RE-leaf. It is used by golf course
bent grass greens which walk a fine line with disease in the desert South
West especially in the summer monsoon season.
I think it has a place in in agriculture for reinnoculating soils after
sterilization with vapam or M bromide.
Aron
Aron A. Quist, CPAg/SS
Stanworth Crop Consultants, Inc.
Blythe California
v 619.922.3106, f 619.922.2770
----------
) From: Richard Mead (rmead@AGRILINK-INT.COM)
) To: TRICKLE-L@crcvms.unl.edu
) Subject: Microorganisms through drip systems?
) Date: Wednesday, July 23, 1997 9:38 AM
)
) Fellow Tricklers,
)
) In today's Wall Street Journal-California Section, there is an article
) about a relatively new company that produces an interesting product. The
) company, Eco Soil Systems Inc., has a fermentation tank (called a
BioJect)
) which can be leased out to remain on site to produce "good bugs" from a
) fermentation process. The microbes are then injected into the irrigation
) system to ultimately replace synthetic pesticides and fungicides. Most of
) the clientele for this product have been golf course superintendents (300
) BioJects are now in place on golf courses). But the product seems to be
) expanding into the agricultural market. Since it's a San Diego based
) company, avocado growers in the region have experimented with the product
) and some farmers have claimed yield increases and reduction in soil
) salinity. One farmer claimed that BioJect saved his 100 acres (40.5
) hectares) of avocado trees.
)
) After reading this article, several questions came to mind:
)
) - Has anyone used this product through a microirrigation system?
)
) - If this product is truly effective, could it be used to replace methyl
) bromide in crops such as strawberries? As I recall, methyl bromide will
) soon be banned.
)
) - I can understand yield increases of any crop/plant if the soil is
) "healthier", but do not understand how microbes would effect the sodium
) exchange ratio and cause flocculation. Are there any microbiologists in
the
) crowd who can explain this claimed soil salinity reduction phenomenon?
)
) If this product takes off in the agricultural market, it will have a
chance
) to seize some of the $30 billion global market for agrichemical
products.
)
) Looking forward to comments!
)
) Richard Mead
) Trickle-L and Microirrigation Forum owner/manager
) www.mif.org
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 24 Jul 1997 14:22:16 +0000
From: Michelle Miller (94049860@BELGARIAN.RIV.CSU.EDU.AU)
Subject: Soil microbes
Hello,
I was interested to read of the idea of replacing microbe
numbers through irrigation systems.....A few points come to
mind on the matter:
Firstly it is possible to increase soil structural stability
by increasing microbial activity because exudates formed
by microbes and microbes themselves tend to bind soil
particles together causing flocculation.
Secondly in Australian agricultural soils it has been found
that the majority ( up to 98%) of microbial activity related
to the nitrogen cycle occurs in the surface 5 cm of soil.
This is caused in part by a lack of a good "food" source
for the microbes at lower regions in the soil profile.
Therefore if microbes were to be introduced via irrigation
systems only surface irrigation would be effective as
microbes placed below the surface soil may not find the
organic constituents required to sustain population growth and
this will result in the death of the added microbes and
the overall failure of the microbial application.
Apart from that I see that much is to be gained from such
an application and it would be interesting to see research
as to the economical returns of the use of this technology.
Regards Jason.
Jason Condon
Teaching Fellow in Soil Science
School of Agriculture
Charles Sturt University - Riverina
P.O Box 588
Wagga Wagga. NSW 2678
Tel: (069) 332278 or (069) 332425
Fax: (069) 332812
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 22 Jul 1997 to 23 Jul 1997
****************************************************
Date: Fri, 25 Jul 1997 00:02:36 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 23 Jul 1997 to 24 Jul 1997
There are 6 messages totalling 223 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Soil microbes
2. Microorganisms through drip systems
3. Help with plugging problems (2)
4. Overhead vs. Flood Irrigation of Apples
5. Soil microbes -Reply
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Thu, 24 Jul 1997 07:48:39 -0700
From: "J.D. Oster" (oster@MAIL.UCR.EDU)
Subject: Re: Soil microbes
Michelle: give Dr. Oades a call at the Waite Institute and ask him about
the survivability of 'foreign' microbes in soil. I would be interested in
his response and in having his e-mail address. . At 02:22 PM 7/24/97 +0000,
you wrote:
)Hello,
)
)I was interested to read of the idea of replacing microbe
)numbers through irrigation systems.....A few points come to
)mind on the matter:
)
)Firstly it is possible to increase soil structural stability
)by increasing microbial activity because exudates formed
)by microbes and microbes themselves tend to bind soil
)particles together causing flocculation.
)
)Secondly in Australian agricultural soils it has been found
)that the majority ( up to 98%) of microbial activity related
)to the nitrogen cycle occurs in the surface 5 cm of soil.
)This is caused in part by a lack of a good "food" source
)for the microbes at lower regions in the soil profile.
)
)Therefore if microbes were to be introduced via irrigation
)systems only surface irrigation would be effective as
)microbes placed below the surface soil may not find the
)organic constituents required to sustain population growth and
) this will result in the death of the added microbes and
)the overall failure of the microbial application.
)
)Apart from that I see that much is to be gained from such
) an application and it would be interesting to see research
)as to the economical returns of the use of this technology.
)
)Regards Jason.
)
)Jason Condon
)Teaching Fellow in Soil Science
)School of Agriculture
)Charles Sturt University - Riverina
)P.O Box 588
)Wagga Wagga. NSW 2678
)
)Tel: (069) 332278 or (069) 332425
)Fax: (069) 332812
)
J.D.(Jim) Oster
Soil and Water Specialist and Adjunct Professor
Soil and Environmental Sciences
University of California
Riverside, CA.
FAX: 909 787-5522
P.O Box 1344
Graeagle CA 96103
Telehones
VOICE:
Riverside Office 909 787-5100 Nov 1997
Graeagle Office 916 8360938 May through October 1997
e-mail: Oster@mail.ucr.edu
http://esce.ucr.edu
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 24 Jul 1997 08:46:44 -0700
From: Mission RCD (missnrcd@TFB.COM)
Subject: Re: Microorganisms through drip systems
I know of one avocado grower in the Ramona/Escondido area (30 acres or so)
who is using an Eco-Soils injection system. It is quite a set-up, complete
with fermentation tanks and the like. The system is being used to control
Phytophthora cinnamomi, the pathogen that causes root rot in avocados. Dr.
John Menge of U.C. Riverside's Plant Pathology Dept. has a trial at the
property. What I do know is that it is quite expensive: the system in
question is costing the grower $12,000 to 14,000 a year. That is a lot of
money for I would consider unproven technology at the field level. I'm
sorry, but grower testimonials don't cut it. We will have to wait and see
what Dr. Menge says.
Matt Haynes
Agricultural Water Management Program
Mission Resource Conservation District
990 East Mission Road
Fallbrook, California
missnrcd@tfb.com
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 24 Jul 1997 15:15:18 -0500
From: Don Pitts (djp@ICON.IMOK.UFL.EDU)
Subject: Re: Help with plugging problems
Joe,
I may be able to give you assistance with you problem. The very
high Alkalinity indicates a potential for Calcium Carbonate scale. But to
be sure we need to know the following parameters: Ca, TDS, and pH. Measure
the pH at the well with an accurate meter. Water temperature could also be
important.
Avoid injection of phosphoric acid.
Don Pitts
University of Florida
At 03:28 PM 7/22/97 -0500, you wrote:
)Hello,
)I am someone who is very new to the field of drip irrigation. I have been
)growing roses
)hydroponically in a greenhouse in Western Michigan for about 3 years. I
)have had a great
)deal of trouble with plugging emitters. We use well water that is about
)320ppm of bicarb. We use Nitric, Phosphoric, and Sulfuric acids to
)regulate PH and provide nutrients. But, in order to condition the water so
)as to slow/stop the plugging we would need to add more acid than the plants
)want. We then get poor plant health. Can anyone tell me the latest
)solutions to this problem? Joe Poirier
)
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 24 Jul 1997 15:22:31 -0500
From: Don Pitts (djp@ICON.IMOK.UFL.EDU)
Subject: Re: Overhead vs. Flood Irrigation of Apples
John,
Do you need to provide freeze/frost protection?? This is a major
benefit of overhead irrigation for fruit crops.
Don Pitts
University of Florida
At 12:04 PM 7/17/97 -0400, you wrote:
)I've had an inquiry for information/research demonstrating the
)advantages/disadvantages of overhead irrigation vs flood irrigation of
)apple trees. If anyone has some personal experience or knows of information
)in the literature pertaining to the above, it would be greatly appreciated.
)
)
)__________________________________________________
)Dr. John A. Cline
)Research Scientist - Pomology
)University of Guelph
)Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario
)Box 587, Simcoe, Ontario
)N3Y 4N5
)Tel: 519-426-7127 ext 331
)Fax: 519-426-1225
)
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 24 Jul 1997 12:33:11 -0700
From: Rodney Ruskin (geoflow1@SLIP.NET)
Subject: Re: Help with plugging problems
At 03:28 PM 7/22/97 -0500, Joe Poirier wrote:
)Hello,
)I am someone who is very new to the field of drip irrigation. I have been
)growing roses
)hydroponically in a greenhouse in Western Michigan for about 3 years. I
)have had a great
)deal of trouble with plugging emitters. We use well water that is about
)320ppm of bicarb. We use Nitric, Phosphoric, and Sulfuric acids to
)regulate PH and provide nutrients. But, in order to condition the water so
)as to slow/stop the plugging we would need to add more acid than the plants
)want. We then get poor plant health. Can anyone tell me the latest
)solutions to this problem? Joe Poirier
)
)
If you can go subsurface then the drippers will not dry out and the bicarb
will not precipitate. Furthermore you will reduce humidity in the
greenhouse. Visit www.geoflow.com for more information or contact me with
your snail mail address.
Rodney ruskin
rr@geoflow.com
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 24 Jul 1997 13:08:45 -0700
From: "J. Hank Morton" (HANK@ECOSOIL.COM)
Subject: Soil microbes -Reply
Hi folks,
I appreciate some of the enthusiasm about microbial inoculation. One
of our premises is that for crops to gain benefits from microbes (be they
biopesticidal, or generally soil improving), the microbes need to be
inoculated as frequently as possible. That is the reason for having an in
situ device which can "brew" up bacteria whenever injection is possible.
We see current problems facing biopesticide research and use as being
not in efficacy of biopesticide organisms, but rather efficacy of
applicating these organisms. There is also a lot to say in general about
the added effects of microbial augmentation in the rhizosphere and upper
strata of the soil.
Hank Morton
Commercial Development Associate
Eco Soil Systems, Inc.
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 23 Jul 1997 to 24 Jul 1997
****************************************************
Date: Sat, 26 Jul 1997 00:02:58 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 24 Jul 1997 to 25 Jul 1997
There are 2 messages totalling 106 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Tensiometers and SDI (2)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Fri, 25 Jul 1997 13:55:28 -0500
From: "W. Bryan Smith" (wsmth@CLEMSON.EDU)
Subject: Tensiometers and SDI
We are seeing more and more buried drip (SDI) installed. With this
comes a question about using tensiometers to begin irrigation.
Currently, many recommend that the grower place two tensiometers in
a section, one at 6 or 8 inches (15 to 20 cm) and another near the
bottom of the zone to be managed - say 18 inches (45 cm) or so. We
then recommend that the grower begin irrigating when the shallower
tensiometer reaches a tensiometer reading of 15 centibars in coarse
soils and around 30 centibars in heavier soils. (Not trying to start a "begin
irrigation" debate here!) This is the practice when using either sprinklers
or surface drip systems - and the recommended tension readings will of
course be different depending on soil type, etc.
Now, with buried drip, the water source may be at a depth of
anywhere from 6 inches (15 cm) to 18 inches (45 cm) or maybe more.
So, when irrigation begins, the water will most likely move "up" to
the shallow tensiometer rather than down. This makes me think that
the shallow tensiometer will show a "begin to irrigate" reading for
SDI more quickly than surface drip simply because we will not have
the saturation - and therefore short-term storage - in the top 6 inches of
soil that we would have with surface irrigation. Of course, some of
this may be (and is) lost to evaporation anyway.
What are your recommendations for modifying irrigation practices
for SDI when using tensiometers? Or have those of you involved found
that the "normal" method of beginning irrigation previously described
still works well?
And, as a parellel, do you find that you are watering a smaller
amount more frequently on SDI when using this tensiometer method than
when irrigating with surface drip?
Thank you in advance for your responses. I will be out and unable
to reply for the next week, but will definitely be looking forward to
your comments.
Bryan
=|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|=
W. Bryan Smith
Area Extension Agent - Irrigation / Water Quality
Clemson Extension Service
P.O. Box 160, Newberry, South Carolina 29108 USA
Office: 803 276-1091 FAX: 803 276-1095
Internet: wsmth@clemson.edu
=|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|=
All opinions are my own and not reflective of the
policies of Clemson University or the Cooperative
Extension Service.
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 25 Jul 1997 16:42:52 -0700
From: Richard Mead (rmead@AGRILINK-INT.COM)
Subject: Re: Tensiometers and SDI
Bryan Smith had initiated some interesting questions regarding tensiometer
placement.
First there have been other Trickle-L discussions concerning tensiometer
placement in subsurface drip systems. If you're interested, please refer to
the following archives at the Microirrigation Forum web site (www.mif.org):
- Placement of tensiometers (www.mif.org/placetens.html)
- Using tensiometers and SDI in Hops (www.mif.org/tenshop.html)
Regarding Bryan's comment:
)with buried drip, the water source may be at a depth of anywhere from 6
inches (15 cm) to 18 )inches (45 cm) or maybe more. So, when irrigation
begins, the water will most likely move "up" )to the shallow tensiometer
rather than down...
I would think downward gravitational forces would also apply if not more
so. I'll never forget an experiment I managed while at the Water Management
Research Lab, where we placed the drip tubing at 15 inches (38 cm) below
the surface in a clay soil. Most of the annual crops did fine with water
disseminating at this depth until we planted onions (traditionally known
for very shallow roots). I doubt that no more than 20% of the water
actually reached the active onion root zone. We never saw differences in
yield based on differential water treatment (percentages of estimated ET).
Hence, even with high frequency irrigations of 1 mm (0.04 inches), the
water really never moved to the surface...strange uh?
I think the bottom line-rational for placing any kind of soil moisture
instrument is to place it in the active root zone or root volume zone and
either trigger irrigations with certain threshold readings, try to maintain
a certain level from slightly below field capacity to a certain
'half way point' or visualize the "refill and full point" with appropriate
sensor/software available to you. The deeper sensor, if any, would merely
sense an over irrigation or drainage event where by the irrigator could
back off on the duration of irrigation.
Richard Mead
Trickle-L owner/manager
www.mif.org
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 24 Jul 1997 to 25 Jul 1997
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Date: Sun, 27 Jul 1997 00:01:59 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 25 Jul 1997 to 26 Jul 1997
There is one message totalling 11 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. electro-static precipiter(sp?)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Sat, 26 Jul 1997 02:56:03 -0400
From: TPiatkowsk@AOL.COM
Subject: Re: electro-static precipiter(sp?)
If you want to give me your mailing address, I can send you some reference
material discussing these devices and their effectiveness.
Tom
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 25 Jul 1997 to 26 Jul 1997
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Date: Tue, 29 Jul 1997 00:03:08 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 26 Jul 1997 to 28 Jul 1997
There are 3 messages totalling 96 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Tensiometers and SDI (2)
2. Tensiometers
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Fri, 25 Jul 1997 16:26:22 -0400
From: "Craig A. Storlie" (storlie@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU)
Subject: Re: Tensiometers and SDI
W. Bryan Smith wrote:
)
) We are seeing more and more buried drip (SDI) installed. With this
) comes a question about using tensiometers to begin irrigation...
Bryan:
I had the same question 6 years ago when I installed my first SDI plot
and compared it with surface drip. I decided to stick with a management
scheme for both treatments that was similar to yours and one I would use
for surface drip - to sense tension at 6 inches and irrigate at 30-40 cb
(sandy loam). Irrigation totals for the year were not significantly
different. Plants (tomato, s. corn, winter squash, cucumber) were happy
in all 4 years and yields were equal. I applied two-thirds of the total
fertilizer (university rec's.) thru the drip system and used "long"
irrigation cycles (2-3 hours every 2-3 days, 0.5 gpm/100' tape).
I know this isn't a scientific answer to your question, but hopefully
will add to the discussion. Under New Jersey conditions, using the same
tensiometer management procedures for SDI and surface drip worked fine.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 1997 16:24:08 -0400
From: Irrometer@AOL.COM
Subject: Tensiometers and SDI
With SDI, gravity is a major force and would account,
in most cases, for water movement downward at a
greater rate than outward and upward. Claude Phene
produced a good bit of research on the concept of
"pulsing" an SDI system to help the water movement
"performance". It is for this reason that the "shallow"
instrument may be of critical importance to assure that
the wetting front did indeed move upward --- especially
in the shallower rooted veg crops (onion, potato, etc.).
It can be difficult to make "generic" statements which
would apply to every situation and soil type---and soil
type is of major impact on where the water goes and
how fast it gets there ( and whether it's beneficial or
not). The "deep" instrument with SDI, sited near the
bottom of the effective root system practically serves to
alert one that the wetting front has reached the point
when it becomes of no value (except perhaps to verfiy
required leaching). Richard Mead's comments on the
water never reaching the shallow profile in a heavier
soil (with much better hydraulic conductivity) is interesting.
But a plant, in its quest for water, can perform interesting
things---maybe adequate water did indeed get to a point
where the onion root system could extract it in adequate
fashion. I sense that "intuition" is pretty important, and
that Richard Mead's final comments (measuring in the
active root zone or root voume zone) is the baseline truth,
along with Bryan Smith's idea of the importance of the
"shallow" profile. It may also be important to remember
the "rule of thumb" concerning the uptake of water by
a plant root system, i.e. the top 1/4 extracts 40% of that
used, the second 1/4 extracts 30%, third quarter extracts
20% and bottom 1/4 extracts 10%. That also makes it
pretty important to pay pretty close attention to the "shallow"
soil water status. These are some thoughts from my end.
It will be interesting to hear some more.
Regards, Bill Pogue, Irrometer Company Inc.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 1997 16:30:02 -0600
From: Frank Redmond (palmspring@BTL.NET)
Subject: Re: Tensiometers
Would anyone care to comment on the use of Tensiometers for asessing
the irrigation requirements for a corn crop. Water requirement will
be 25mm/day, and I would plan to apply upto 1in every six days if
needed. What depth is best suited for the tensiometers?
Frank Redmond
Farmer
Palm Springs Farm
Frank Redmond
Box 13 - Mile 60
San Ignacio, BELIZE
Tel-Fax: (501)9-23353
Email: palmspring@btl.net
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 26 Jul 1997 to 28 Jul 1997
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Date: Wed, 30 Jul 1997 00:03:23 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 28 Jul 1997 to 29 Jul 1997
There are 2 messages totalling 56 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Relayed message from Venezuela grower
2. (No subject given)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Jul 1997 08:01:06 -0700
From: Richard Mead (rmead@AGRILINK-INT.COM)
Subject: Relayed message from Venezuela grower
Below is a relayed query from a Max Tucker* of Venezuela. He has requested
that I post his comments to all Trickle-L subscribers.
R. Mead
Trickle-L manager
---------------------------------------------------------------------
In our tomato crop grown on drip lines we have a greater incidence, than
our neighbor who has furrow irrigation, of Bacterial diseases Pseudomonas
solanaceum and Erwinia carativora in melons.
Any ideas why this is occurring or how to avoid or control them .
I live in Venezuela where I farm on 130 hectares of drip.
We grow galia melons for export to Europe and tomatoes for industry.
For bacterial control in our crops we have used:
Agrimicin
Kasugamicin
Copper
Timsen
We used these products thru the drip lines as well as foliar but the
disease reappears after a week or 10 days. For the coming season we will ad
1500 Kg of lime to increase the ph as well as use copper thru the lines on
a preventive basis.
I have subscribed to Trickel-L but I'm nor to familiar with E-mail so I would
appreciate if you could forward this topic to see if I can get more feedback
on the suject.
*mtucker@cantvnw1.cantv.net
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Jul 1997 20:35:24 -0600
From: John Hays (jhays@CAVERNS.COM)
Subject: (No subject given)
Hello all: I am going to install a system on my 1 acre of Pecan trees and
fruit trees. What I would like to know is what is the best kind of system
for burying. I live in south east New Mexico and the soil subs very good.
It is limestone (decayed) and the trees are 20yrs old and older. Thanks for
any help you can offer.
John Hays
John Hays
jhays@caverns.com
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 28 Jul 1997 to 29 Jul 1997
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Date: Thu, 31 Jul 1997 00:03:12 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: TRICKLE-L Digest - 29 Jul 1997 to 30 Jul 1997
There are 6 messages totalling 226 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Tensiometers and SDI (3)
2. (No subject given)
3. Water hardness and acidification for SDI
4. No Subject
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Jul 1997 16:14:36 -0700
From: Jochen Eberhard (Jochen.Eberhard@T-ONLINE.DE)
Subject: Re: Tensiometers and SDI
Hi everybody,
great discussion and I want to add my ideas
) Regarding Bryan's comment:
)
) )with buried drip, the water source may be at a depth of anywhere from 6
) inches (15 cm) to 18 )inches (45 cm) or maybe more. So, when irrigation
) begins, the water will most likely move "up" )to the shallow tensiometer
) rather than down...
I am actually have a few tomatoes on SDI (30cm deep) an 3 tensiometers
in 10cm, 30cm and 60cm depth very close to the tape. The irrigation is
started according to the 30cm tensiometer reading - 12 kPa -(500 ccm per
dripper -20cm spacing - and cycle). From the beginning the 60cm
tensiometer crawled from 12 kPa to 60 kPa and stays there for more than
2 month now. When irrigation starts, the 10cm tensiometer firts shows a
reaction, the 30cm tensiometer takes much longer, even another
irrigation cycle, to come below the 12 kPa level. Maybe the 10cm
tensiometer is just above a dripper and the 30 cm tensiometer is right
between to emitters, I do not know. But it seems that the water moves up
in the soil very good, while the downwards movement is poor (sandy loam
soil)
Richard Mead's comment
) I would think downward gravitational forces would also apply if not more
) so. I'll never forget an experiment I managed while at the Water Management
) Research Lab, where we placed the drip tubing at 15 inches (38 cm) below
) the surface in a clay soil. Most of the annual crops did fine with water
) disseminating at this depth until we planted onions (traditionally known
) for very shallow roots). I doubt that no more than 20% of the water
) actually reached the active onion root zone. We never saw differences in
) yield based on differential water treatment (percentages of estimated ET).
) Hence, even with high frequency irrigations of 1 mm (0.04 inches), the
) water really never moved to the surface...strange uh?
I would call this a very great success. In my tomatoes the water does
not come to the surface either but water consumption is the same like
with surface drip. Only right after transplanting the tomatoes (the
first 10 days) subsurface needed more water than surface drip to fill up
the whole soil volume. With surface drip it was enough to wetten the
first 20 cm of the soil.
) I think the bottom line-rational for placing any kind of soil moisture
) instrument is to place it in the active root zone or root volume zone and
) either trigger irrigations with certain threshold readings, try to maintain
) a certain level from slightly below field capacity to a certain
) 'half way point' or visualize the "refill and full point" with appropriate
) sensor/software available to you. The deeper sensor, if any, would merely
) sense an over irrigation or drainage event where by the irrigator could
) back off on the duration of irrigation.
Thinking theoretically: Placing the tensiometer very close to the drip
tape makes it more difficult to get a good idea about the soil moisture
situation. If so it is easy to get a wetted area around the tape with a
small diameter. Placing the tensiometer 10cm to 20cm away from the tape
gives a better idea of the water situation in the soil and
taking into account Bill Pogue's comment I would say: That's all about
it.
Best regards
Jochen Eberhard
_____________________________________________________________
| Jochen Eberhard * * |
| SLFA Versuchsbetriebe ( \ / ) |
| Queckbrunnerhof \ / |
| Dannstadter Str. 91 --- |
| 67105 Schifferstadt (o|o) |
| Germany ( ~~~ ) |
| ( ) |
| Tel: 0049 - 6235 - 2672 ( ) |
| Fax: - - 82741 ( ooO Ooo ) |
| email: Jochen.Eberhard@t-online.de |
|_____________________________________________________________|
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 17 Apr 1997 08:45:18 -0700
From: "Alan S. Wicks" (awicks@TELEVAR.COM)
Subject: Re: Tensiometers and SDI
Greetings,
A question.
With buried drip, will water only move upward (in any significant
amount) when the application rate exceeds the infiltration rate of the
soil around the emitter? If so, then a knowledge of the infiltration
rate is important in the decision process as to which tape to use.
Also, when working with a tomato field on SDI in the Coachella Valley
several years ago, the tape was at about 24 inches. The field was so
sandy that the water only got to within about 6 inches of the soil
surface. The plants grew fine, but we needed to apply about 40% more
fertilizer since the majority of the water moved downward, carrying the
fertilizer, but the majority of the roots were above the tape.
I would appreciate your thoughts on this.
Alan S. Wicks
Judel Farms
Basin City, WA
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Jul 1997 08:56:38 -0700
From: Rodney Ruskin (geoflow1@SLIP.NET)
Subject: (No subject given)
At 08:35 PM 7/29/97 -0600, John Hays wrote:
)Hello all: I am going to install a system on my 1 acre of Pecan trees and
)fruit trees. What I would like to know is what is the best kind of system
)for burying. I live in south east New Mexico and the soil subs very good.
)It is limestone (decayed) and the trees are 20yrs old and older. Thanks for
)any help you can offer.
)John Hays
)John Hays
)jhays@caverns.com
)
Log on to http://www.geoflow.com and make your own decision. If you decide
that you do need ROOTGUARD for root intrusion protection then contact me
directly at rr@geoflow.com with your address and 'phone number and I will
put you in touch with a Geoflow or Drip In dealer.
Rodney Ruskin
rr@geoflow.com
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Jul 1997 08:56:40 -0700
From: Rodney Ruskin (geoflow1@SLIP.NET)
Subject: Re: Tensiometers and SDI
At 08:45 AM 4/17/97 -0700, Alan S. Wicks wrote:
)Greetings,
)
)A question.
)
)With buried drip, will water only move upward (in any significant
)amount) when the application rate exceeds the infiltration rate of the
)soil around the emitter? If so, then a knowledge of the infiltration
)rate is important in the decision process as to which tape to use.
)
)Also, when working with a tomato field on SDI in the Coachella Valley
)several years ago, the tape was at about 24 inches. The field was so
)sandy that the water only got to within about 6 inches of the soil
)surface. The plants grew fine, but we needed to apply about 40% more
)fertilizer since the majority of the water moved downward, carrying the
)fertilizer, but the majority of the roots were above the tape.
)
)I would appreciate your thoughts on this.
)
)Alan S. Wicks
)Judel Farms
)Basin City, WA
)
The work by Phene and Ben Asher et. al. at the USDA Fresno indicates that
your hypothesis "With buried drip, will water only move upward (in any
significant amount) when the application rate exceeds the infiltration rate
of the soil around the emitter?" is incorrect.
Under those circumstances in heavy soils one can get a volcanic type of
eruption to the surface, which is not desirable. If you pulse the system
with short cycles so that the water never completely fills the pores of the
soil then the water can move upwards as well as sidewards and down by
capillary forces. The sandier the soil the shorter the pulses.
Rodney Ruskin
rr@geoflow.com
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 17 Apr 1997 09:16:33 -0700
From: "Alan S. Wicks" (awicks@TELEVAR.COM)
Subject: Re: Water hardness and acidification for SDI
Greetings,
When I was in northern Mexico, state of Sonora, we had alkaline waters
too. The soils were fairly well buffered. We started by adding 38 mL
of concentrated Sulfuric Acid per cubic meter of water. This lowered
our pH to about 6.2 or so. It took awhile for the affect to reach the
end of the drip system since all of the accumulated carbonates had to be
dissolved. But, eventually it did so. We then simply adjusted the
amount of acid until we could maintain a pH of 6.2 which worked well for
us.
Our waters were fairly low in total salinity and not highly buffered.
Alan S. Wicks
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Jul 1997 19:22:48 -0400
From: Farouk Hassan (FAHassan@AOL.COM)
Subject: Re: No Subject
To John Hays of south east New Mexico
Hi John
For one acre and with a soil that subs very good as mentioned, I think furrow
irrigation with PVC gated pipes could be a good system. However, if you are
using a good quality water (e.g. household water for backyard irrigation) you
could use a simple surface drip system (on-line emitters). This could save
you some work if you take good care of it.
Farouk A. Hassan
Irrigation Consultant
fahassan@aol.com
------------------------------
End of TRICKLE-L Digest - 29 Jul 1997 to 30 Jul 1997
****************************************************
Prepared by Steve Modena, AB4EL
Suggestions and comments to: modena@SunSITE.unc.edu