This is the compendium of SALINITY-L digests for October 1995.
It was prepared from the daily digest mailings. Some digests
may be missing, because occasional mailings are lost en route.
Contents: New Member (a03mshannon@attmail.com (Michael Shannon)) Re: SUBSCRIBE SALINITY-L RANDALL MERRIOTT (Merriott@aol.com) New member (rmead@CyberGate.COM (Richard Mead)) Re: Administative note (Keith Smettem .<.hydsol@uniwa.uwa.edu.au.>.) introduction . . . (rama@brcsun0.tamu.edu (Rama Tharacad)) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Sun, 15 Oct 1995 17:10:17 -0500 From: a03mshannon@attmail.com (Michael Shannon) Subject: New Member Greetings from the US Salinity Laboratory (USSL). - Who you are: Mike Shannon, Research Geneticist, Plant Sciences Group, USSL First, my compliments and appreciation to Richard Soppe and Richard Mead of the Water Management Laboratory for setting up the SALINITY-L listserver. It is a project that the USSL wanted to undertake but was unable to due to our recent move into our new laboratory. So far, only a few of us are internet connected. When we do finally get our local area network tied into the internet, we will be developing our own Homepage. - What part of the world you are from: U.S. Salinity Laboratory 450 W. Big Springs Road Riverside, California 92507-4617 Tele: 909-369-4834 Fax: 909-342-4963 !a03mshannon@attmail.com - Why you are interested in salinity- Its my job. Its my hobby. - What your experience with salinity problems are: 20+ years in area of plant screening and selection for salt tolerance, plant genetics, plant physiology. Current projects include the quantification of traits that contribute to salt tolerance, selection of salt tolerant Poplar, Willow and Mesquite clones for revegetation of the Lower Colorado River, development of salinity-water use functions for eucalyptus in drainage water reuse programs for the San Joaquin Valley of Calif., selection of halophytes for the same, and miscellaneous other interests. - I am interested in the comments of Phil (Phil Hollington, Centre for Arid Zone Studies, University of Wales, Bangor UK). I am familiar, I think, with your group and your work. Garth Wyn Jones is a good friend of mine. A number of years ago (late 1987?), during a brainstorming session with him and our staff at the USSL I proposed that K concentrations in plants was usually pretty uniform and one of the almost universal effects of NaCl salinity was to competitively lower K with respect to Na, and that K/Na selectivity might be one screening factor. John Gorham pursued this aspect with some of his interspecific crosses. In 1990, I visited Zaragosa, Spain and had a chance to look at Ramon Aragues's setup for field evaluations of wheat lines for salt tolerance. Later, in 1993 while on an consulting trip to Jeddah, Ahmed Al Amry discussed with me some of the results that they were seeing in Morocco field trials with the selected wheat lines from the interspecific crosses from Bangor. He thought that the lines displayed higher salt tolerance but were far less productive than local varieties. The bottom line was that the local lines still out-produced the salt tolerance lines under most saline conditions. These observations corresponded with the results that Richard Richards (CSIRO, Australia), reported when he worked with Cal Qualset at Davis Calif. My question to Phil is in reference to current progress: Are you a colleague of Garth and John? Are current selections or substitution lines more productive? Do they outproduce those commercial wheat lines that are considered to be salt tolerant? What is the parentage and selection criteria that you are using to develop salt tolerance in wheat? And what is your current developmental strategy? I believe that your program in the UK and that of Jan Dvorak at Univ. Calif. Davis are in the forefront of developing salt tolerance in wheat. It would be good to find out more about the problems, pitfalls, and success stories. <------------------------------>
Date: Sun, 15 Oct 1995 18:21:33 -0400 From: Merriott@aol.com Subject: Re: SUBSCRIBE SALINITY-L RANDALL MERRIOTT >We would like to invite you to introduce yourself to the list. The >introduction message could include the following topics: >- Who you are Randall Merriott, Irrigation Consultant >- What part of the world you are from Vero Beach, Florida (Indian River Citrus District) >- Why you are interested in salinity-l I would someday like to work in Central Asia, where I understand there are major salinity problems. I want to increase my knowledge and understanding. >- What your experience with salinity problems are Most of my experience in Florida is with having to work with salty wells on occasion. There is not too much of a problem here with soil salinization because of our high rainfall and porous soils. >- Your specific questions or topics that you would like to see discussed Interested in discussing salt tolerant plants, hybrids, how the problem is handled especially with respect to microirrigation. >- Your knowledge on salinization / sodification Limited to what I learned in school 7 years ago. (BSAE, Texas Tech, '88) Had the standard courses in irrigation, soil science, and soil and water conservation. <------------------------------>
Date: Sun, 15 Oct 1995 18:40:25 -0800 From: rmead@CyberGate.COM (Richard Mead) Subject: New member - Who you are? Richard Mead, Soil Scientist - What part of the world you are from? Water Management Research Laboratory 2021 South Peach, Fresno, California 93727 - Why you are interested in salinity? Since I am involved in two aspects of irrigation research: 1) Subsurface drip irrigation 2) Lysimetry, using a shallow saline water table for crop water use, I find the need to learn more about salinity all the time. - What your experience with salinity problems are: I once worked at the U.S. Salinity lab in the Soil Chemistry division (circa '82 to '84). While at the USSL, I was involved in the study of blended saline water with fresh water for irrigation of cotton and managed some soil column studies. Upon arriving at the Water Management Lab, my first project involved a salinization study of mature plum trees (the 1st of its kind). Hence, I have some experience with salinity "problems". I am glad to see a growing list of individuals that are interested in salinity. Hopefully this list will become as active as Trickle-L !! Richard Mead Trickle-L owner/manager USDA-ARS-WMRL <------------------------------>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 1995 14:25:26 +0800 (WST) From: Keith Smettem .<.hydsol@uniwa.uwa.edu.au.>. Subject: Re: Administative note Hi Richard, Just checking the connection. Keith Smettem Univ. of W.A. <------------------------------>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 95 08:35:18 CDT From: rama@brcsun0.tamu.edu (Rama Tharacad) Subject: introduction . . . - Who you are? - T.S. Ramanarayanan (call me "Rama") - What part of the world you are from? - I am originally from India. Did my masters in Asian Institute of Technology in Bangkok and completed my PhD from Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK. Presently at Blackland Research Center, Temple, TX - a part of Texas A&M University System. - Why you are interested in salinity? - I am trying to incorporate a salinity component to a basin scale model. I am not an expert in salinity but, have an idea on the basic relations!! - What your experience with salinity problems are: Practically none!! %-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-% % T.S. Ramanarayanan, Ph.D. | Voice:(817) 770-6600 (office) % % Blackland Research Center | (817) 742-0275 (home) % % 808 E. Blackland Rd. | % % Temple TX 76502. | Fax :(817) 770-6561 % % email: rama@brcsun0.tamu.edu % %-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-% <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents:
Mike Shannon's contribution ("Hollington, Phil" .<.p.a.hollington@bangor.ac.uk.>.)
Re: New member (Keith Smettem .<.hydsol@uniwa.uwa.edu.au.>.)
Re: New member (Keith Smettem .<.hydsol@uniwa.uwa.edu.au.>.)
Re: New member (Keith Smettem .<.hydsol@uniwa.uwa.edu.au.>.)
<---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 95 12:14:00 PDT
From: "Hollington, Phil" .<.p.a.hollington@bangor.ac.uk.>.
Subject: Mike Shannon's contribution
Mike,
Thanks for your comments on our work here in Bangor, although our colleagues
at JI must take the credit for producing the new material - I just test it!
I remember meeting you at the TandoJam conference in 1991.
In answer to your questions:
Yes, I am working with Gareth and John, although Gareth has more of an admin
role these days and John is working almost entirely on cotton due to funding
constraints, although he still maintains a strong interest in wheat.
Currently our wheat work here is split between the wide hybridisation and
the doubled haploids. Concerning the former, which attempts to introduce
salt- (and drought-) tolerance from the 5J (5Eb) chromosome of Thinopyrum
bessarabicum, the latest material is far more productive than the original
amphiploid between Th bess and Chinese Spring, which as you say had very
high tolerance but was agronomically useless. Since then we have tested a
5Eb addition and a 5A(5Eb) substitution line in Chinese Spring, both under
the controlled sprinkler and, this year, a controlled drip system in
Zaragoza. We have moved to the drip system to avoid problems of ion
absorbtion through the leaves which had become apparent (see Gorham et al, J
Exp Bot 45: 895-901 [1994] and Aragues et al, Eur J Agron 3: 9-16 [1994]).
Both these lines showed good tolerance, and increasingly good agronomic
performance as the amount of alien germplasm reduced. This year we will
repeat the substitution line, and also trial a 5D(5Eb) substitution which we
now have enough seed of for field trials. Our colleagues at JI are producing
recombinant lines, which should be even better. So far all this material has
been in a Chinese Spring background, although we hope soon to use Indian and
Pakistani wheats - I have a postgrad who is backcrossing the 5A sub. line to
a number of cultivars, and I believe similar work is going on at JI. This
will have problems of maintaining the alien material, however. So far none
of this material outproduces the commercial lines - I can e-mail you some
data from last year if you want - and we've not tried any in India or
Pakistan due to its late maturity.
The other main strand is the doubled haploid work, aimed at introducing
tolerance from existing T aestivum material into cultivars adapted to the
environments in India and Pakistan. The initial cross at JI was Kharchia 65
x TW161, an Na-excluding breeding line of Steve Quarrie's. The best of the
lines from this, KTDH19, was more tolerant and outyielded Kharchia and the
improved CSSRI-line KRL1-4 in the sprinkler system in Zaragoza last year,
but did not do so well in the drip system, or in India or Pakistan, due
there to late maturity and rust susceptibility. A number of the other lines
from this cross are earlier, or show greater disease resistance, and were
sown in India last year, although we have not yet received results. This
year we aim to sow F5 lines from a KTDH19 x KRL1-4 cross under non-saline
conditions in Spain, to assess phenology, before hopefully moving these to
India and Pakistan next year.
One thing we hope to do if we get funding to keep the work going in
1996-1998 is to develop a database of cultivars, with details of mechanisms
of tolerance and other traits, so that we can select parental material more
precisely. There is a lot of material in the literature which needs pulling
togther, for example on whether a particular cultivar is an Na-excluder or a
compartmentaliser, etc. Some of the genetic mapping work at JI could be very
useful here. It's vital to select lines which are going to do well in the
areas where they are to be grown, and in our case that means early maturity,
some degree of heat tolerance, amber rather than red grains, and good
disease, especially rust, resistance. My own feeling is that much of the
earlier work was wasted from a PRACTICAL point of view because the material
used was not fully adapted to its target environment. I look forward to
having this opinion shot down!
Phil Hollington
<------------------------------>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 1995 13:52:55 +0800 (WST)
From: Keith Smettem .<.hydsol@uniwa.uwa.edu.au.>.
Subject: Re: New member
Hi Richard, We have interests in trickle irrigation from both a research
and teaching perspective. Can you give me the subscribe details to
Trickle-L ? Thanks, Keith Smettem Univ of W.A.
<------------------------------>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 1995 15:45:25 +0800 (WST)
From: Keith Smettem .<.hydsol@uniwa.uwa.edu.au.>.
Subject: Re: New member
Hi Phil, We have interests in trickle irrigation from both a research and
teaching perspective. Could you give me details of Trickle-L. regards
Keith Smettem Univ of W.A.
<------------------------------>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 1995 15:47:40 +0800 (WST)
From: Keith Smettem .<.hydsol@uniwa.uwa.edu.au.>.
Subject: Re: New member
Sorry Richard! I replied Phil by mistake. Enquiry about Tricle-L is still
valid though. Keith S.
<------------------------------>
End of Digest
************************
Contents: Re:Sub Salinity-l Chingiz (alekperc@bgumail.bgu.ac.il) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Thu, 19 Oct 1995 12:36:13 +0000 From: alekperc@bgumail.bgu.ac.il Subject: Re:Sub Salinity-l Chingiz - Who you are - I'm Ph.D. Chingiz k. Alekperov -Soil Scientist, from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, J. Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Agrobiology Center Sede-Boqer 84990, Israel. Tel: 972-7-565856, 565756; Fax: 972-7-557245 - What part of the world you are from - Middle East - We are use salinity water for irrigation - What your experience with salinity problems are. In my experience in Azerbaijan we did maps of salinization and sodification - Your specific questions or topics that you would like to see discussed-solinity water using for crop production and sodification - Your knowledge on salinization / sodification- as Soil Scientist and as former Mapping Department Head in Azerbaijan(Baku). Sincerely, Dr. Chingiz k. Alekperov <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: Re: Tailwater recycling (gideon oron .<.gidi@bgumail.bgu.ac.il.>.) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Fri, 20 Oct 1995 12:24:01 +0200 (IST) From: gideon oron .<.gidi@bgumail.bgu.ac.il.>. Subject: Re: Tailwater recycling Look at Journal of Irrigation and Draunage, ASCE, 119(2), 1993 pp 265-285. Regards On Sun, 8 Oct 1995, Evan Christen wrote: > Reply regarding recycling of tailwater - Stuart Styles > > Here in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation area in NSW Australia, we are going > through the cycle you have been through with recycling of run off water to > reduce downstream im[pacts of salts and chemical residues in run off water. > The growers here are concerned that recycling will cause increased on farm > salinity. I was interested to note that you found this was not the case. > Here the irrigation is in bays or furrows. the recycling channel systems > sometimes cut into the saline groundwater which can increase salt levels in > the recycled water dramatically. Now a survey is carried out along the > recycling channels to avoid this. > With recycling were there any problems of chemical residues from one crop > affecting other crops? Do you have any figures for water saved by recycling, > costs etc. > > Is there any other data out there on the long term effects of recycling on > farm and downstream? > Evan Christen > Irrigation and Drainage Management for Horticulture > CSIRO Division of Water Resources > Griffith Laboratory > Griffith > NSW 2680 > Australia > > Fax # 61 69 601600 > "Errare Humanum Est" J.C. 50 B.C. > <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: Introduction (Galloway Richard .<.rgalloway@infotech.agric.wa.gov.au.>.) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 95 09:43:00 PDT From: Galloway Richard .<.rgalloway@infotech.agric.wa.gov.au.>. Subject: Introduction I would like to introduce myself as a new member of the discussion group Name and position Richard Galloway Research Officer Pasture and Revegetation Branch Department of Agriculture Perth Western Australia Western Australian salt condition According to the 1989 saltland survey conducted in Western Australia, there was approximately 500 000 ha of salt affected farm land, which is about 3% of the total area cleared for farming. Dryland farming is carried out in the state, with a small irrigation component. Experience I have been working for 8 years in saltland agronomy, specifically with saltbush (Atriplex spp). I have been working on factors affecting plant growth, salt/waterlogging interactions, fertiliser responses, plant selection and screening for productivity, palatability and waterlogging tolerance. This work is being conducted in Australia and Pakistan. Interests in salinity-l I am interested in all aspects of plant growth on saline soils, particularly water use and forage value. <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: (OSTER@pop.ucr.edu (James D. Oster)) ET model for salt affected tree plantations (Tivi.Theiveyanathan@cbr.for.csiro.au (Tivi Theiveyanathan)) Re: ET model for salt affected tree plantations (OSTER@pop.ucr.edu (James D. Oster)) Re: ET model for salt affected tree plantations (Keith Smettem .<.hydsol@uniwa.uwa.edu.au.>.) Re: ET model for salt affected tree plantations (Keith Smettem .<.hydsol@uniwa.uwa.edu.au.>.) eucs and salt (Keith Smettem .<.hydsol@uniwa.uwa.edu.au.>.) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 1995 11:36:24 -0500 From: OSTER@pop.ucr.edu (James D. Oster) Subject: Introduction information for J. D. (Jim) Oster Soil and Water Specialist/Adjunct Professor Soil and Environmental Sciences University of California Riverside, CA 92506 I am a Cooperative Extension Specialist with expertize in soil and water management related to the irrigation and management of arid zone soils. I worked for USDA/ARS at the U. S. Salinity Laboratory in Riverside CA from 1965 to 1981 as both a soil chemist and soil physist. In 1981, I transferred across town and began to work for the University. Sabbaticals include 1 year in Israel, and six months each in Australia and Chile. My applied research and extension interest focus on the adoption of irrigation management practices which reduce drainage waters to volumes which do not exceed the leaching requirement. This has included two large scale field demonstration project working with improved furrow, LEPA and subsurface drip irrigation. Publications related to this work are available. During the last three years I have written of two reviews: 1. Reclamation of Salt Affected Soils for the ASA drainage monograph and for Soil Erosion, Conservation, and Rehabilitation a book edited by Agassi that will be published by Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York. Coauthors: Shainberg from Israel and Abrol from India. 2. Agricultural Management of Sodic Soils to be published in by Oxford University Press in a book edited by Sumner. Coauthor: Jayawardane from Australia. Recent published papers include Irrigation with Poor Quality Water in Agric. Water Management 25:271-297 and Management of Irrigation Water and Its Ecological Impact. Trans. 15th World Congress of Soil Science. Commission II. Symposia Vol 3a:332-345. e (three farm advisors, Dr. M. Singer and I)have written and published a manual entitled Water Penetration Manual for California Soils that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and solutions for infiltration problems which commonly occur during irrigation of arid zone soils. The publisher of this manual is the Kearney Foundation of Soil Science and it is available in the U. S. for $30.00 and outside the U. S. $30.00 plus shipping. If interested contact GWYNZ@pop.ucr.edu. for more details. Jim Oster (Back from Sabbatical Leave!) Extension Soil and Water Specialist Dept. of Soil & Env. Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 Phone (909)787-5100 FAX (909) 787-5522 Admin. Assistant: Gwyn Dixon--(909) 787-5522 (Phone and FAX) <------------------------------>
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 1995 09:16:18 +1000 From: Tivi.Theiveyanathan@cbr.for.csiro.au (Tivi Theiveyanathan) Subject: ET model for salt affected tree plantations Hi Salinity experts I am modelling evapotranspiration of a tree species (Eucalyptus grandis) using Penman-Monteith equation. In determining the canopy resistance (rs), I want to model the changes in canopy resistance to soil salinity levels. A simple approach is to multiply by a factor F which relates to salt tolerance limits of the tree crop to soil salinity (similar to percentage of potential yield reduction). Are there any references on this ?. Alternatively, are there any data available to show the effect of soil salinity on ET of tree species ?. Tivi Thivianathan CSIRO Division of Forestry Canberra Australia email: Tivi@cbr.for.csiro.au <------------------------------>
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 1995 19:04:08 -0500 From: OSTER@pop.ucr.edu (James D. Oster) Subject: Re: ET model for salt affected tree plantations Tivi: John Letey and coworkers have recently had a paper accepted which relates the salt tolerance information generated by Dr. R. Sacks (UCD/retired but active) for Euks to their water use. His FAX number is 909-787-5522. Also, Dr. K. Grieve at the U. S. Salinity Laboratory has recently developed salt tolerance information of seedling Euks. Her FAX number is 909-369-4818. I will put a copy of your and my messages into there mailboxes tomorrow. J. D. Oster Soil and Water Specialist Soil and Environmental Sciences University of California E-mail Oster@pop.ucr.edu >Hi Salinity experts > >I am modelling evapotranspiration of a tree species (Eucalyptus grandis) >using Penman-Monteith equation. In determining the canopy resistance (rs), >I want to model the changes in canopy resistance to soil salinity levels. >A simple approach is to multiply by a factor F which relates to salt >tolerance limits of the tree crop to soil salinity (similar to percentage >of potential yield reduction). Are there any references on this ?. >Alternatively, are there any data available to show the effect of soil >salinity on ET of tree species ?. > > >Tivi Thivianathan >CSIRO Division of Forestry >Canberra >Australia > >email: Tivi@cbr.for.csiro.au > > > Jim Oster (Back from Sabbatical Leave!) Extension Soil and Water Specialist Dept. of Soil & Env. Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 Phone (909)787-5100 FAX (909) 787-5522 Admin. Assistant: Gwyn Dixon--(909) 787-5522 (Phone and FAX) <------------------------------>
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 1995 14:39:25 +0800 (WST) From: Keith Smettem .<.hydsol@uniwa.uwa.edu.au.>. Subject: Re: ET model for salt affected tree plantations <------------------------------>
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 1995 14:41:36 +0800 (WST) From: Keith Smettem .<.hydsol@uniwa.uwa.edu.au.>. Subject: Re: ET model for salt affected tree plantations Dear James, We are looking at water use by Eucs here in W.A. and would be interested in any of the info you have on salinity effects. regards, Keith Smettem Univ. of W.A. <------------------------------>
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 1995 14:45:21 +0800 (WST) From: Keith Smettem .<.hydsol@uniwa.uwa.edu.au.>. Subject: eucs and salt James, I am interested in your info on salinity and water use by eucs. We have a research program here on water use by globulus in relation to soil and site conditions, so any data from your part of the world would add to our knowledge. regards, Keith Smettem Univ. of W.A. <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: Re: ET model for salt affected tree plantations (OSTER@pop.ucr.edu (James D. Oster)) moisture content and salinity (Richard Mead .<.rmead@CyberGate.COM.>.) Eucalyptus water measurements (a03mshannon@attmail.com (Michael Shannon)) Re: moisture content and salinity (OSTER@pop.ucr.edu (James D. Oster)) RE: moisture content and salinity (ypachepsky@asrr.arsusda.gov) Re: ET model for salt affected tree plantations (Keith Smettem .<.hydsol@uniwa.uwa.edu.au.>.) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 1995 09:57:48 -0500 From: OSTER@pop.ucr.edu (James D. Oster) Subject: Re: ET model for salt affected tree plantations Keith: Your message has been forwarded to Drs Letey and Knapp in the Soil and Environmental Sciences Department at the University of California, Riverside CA 92521. In order for them to send you a reprint of their recently accepted paper, they will need your mailing address. Regards, Jim Oster >Dear James, We are looking at water use by Eucs here in W.A. and would be >interested in any of the info you have on salinity effects. regards, >Keith Smettem Univ. of W.A. > Jim Oster (Back from Sabbatical Leave!) Extension Soil and Water Specialist Dept. of Soil & Env. Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 Phone (909)787-5100 FAX (909) 787-5522 Admin. Assistant: Gwyn Dixon--(909) 787-5522 (Phone and FAX) <------------------------------>
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 1995 08:46:11 -0700 (PDT) From: Richard Mead .<.rmead@CyberGate.COM.>. Subject: moisture content and salinity Does anyone know the procedure to extrapolate what the in situ salinity level of a soil is based on water content at the time of sampling? Our lab (Water Management Research Laboratory, Fresno, California) always runs ECe and reports the salinity as such. The USSL for the past couple of years always takes the moisture content of the soil at sampling time, makes a saturated paste after appropriate drying/grinding and back-calculates what the salinity was at sampling based on moisture content (the theory being that the drier the soil the more saline it is due to concentration effects). Any takers on the procedure? Is this an international standard in journal publications and/or just another way of sensing what the plant root is experiencing? Submitted by Richard Mead (rmead@cybergate.com) Water Management Research Labortory USDA-ARS Fresno, California 93727 Fax: 209-453-3122 <------------------------------>
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 1995 13:38:11 -0500 From: a03mshannon@attmail.com (Michael Shannon) Subject: Eucalyptus water measurements Dear Tivi, Keith, and Back from sabbatical JOster: We have similar interests. First, we are modelling salinity effects on plant growth and there are currently two ways to do this. One is to use the salt tolerance value as related to soil OP as calculated by water and salt content. We are linking our models to 2DSOIL to do this. At the same time we are trying to develop a more mechanistic approach. I suggest that you contact our plant modeler, Dr. Michael Guzy at guzy@ucrac1.ucr.edu. We are also working with Eucalyptus calmodulensis and have set up a salt study in large outdoor sandtanks. m The tanks are fixed up to measure water use on a daily basis. We are prepared to take periodic growth measurements and to measure sap flow. Parameters will be measured against environment via an on-site weather station. This study is just getting started. We have completed adding the salt and trees are about 2-3 m in height. Salinities range from 2 to 28 dS/m. I am working with Grieve, Oster, and others on these projects. Mike <------------------------------>
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 1995 16:00:19 -0500 From: OSTER@pop.ucr.edu (James D. Oster) Subject: Re: moisture content and salinity Richard. Back calculation will be OK if the proper corrections for mineral dissolution and cation exchange equilibria are made. Where the salts are predominately chloride, the corrections would not be big. But where the salts are bicarbonate or sulfate, the corrections could be large. Why not ask Dr. Suarez at the U. S. Salinity Laboratory? I've relayed your message to him. Jim >Does anyone know the procedure to extrapolate what the in situ salinity >level of a soil is based on water content at the time of sampling? >Our lab (Water Management Research Laboratory, Fresno, California) always >runs ECe and reports the salinity as such. The USSL for the past couple >of years always takes the moisture content of the soil at sampling time, >makes a saturated paste after appropriate drying/grinding and >back-calculates what the salinity was at sampling based on moisture >content (the theory being that the drier the soil the more saline it is >due to concentration effects). Any takers on the procedure? Is this an >international standard in journal publications and/or just another way of >sensing what the plant root is experiencing? > >Submitted by Richard Mead (rmead@cybergate.com) >Water Management Research Labortory >USDA-ARS >Fresno, California >93727 > >Fax: 209-453-3122 > > Jim Oster (Back from Sabbatical Leave!) Extension Soil and Water Specialist Dept. of Soil & Env. Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 Phone (909)787-5100 FAX (909) 787-5522 Admin. Assistant: Gwyn Dixon--(909) 787-5522 (Phone and FAX) <------------------------------>
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 95 17:21:38 PDT From: ypachepsky@asrr.arsusda.gov Subject: RE: moisture content and salinity We developed the computer program to provide a procedure under question and tested it for Central Asia conditions (predominantly sulfate and chloride salinization,low or moderate amount of smectites in soils, relatively low organic matter content). You may want to ask for details and the code Dr Alexander Ponizovsky in the Institute of Soil Science and Photosynthesis, Pushchino, Russia. E-mail address is : sotnikov@issp.serpukhov.su, "Attention A. Ponizovsky" must be in a subject of the message. Good luck Yakov Pachepsky ---------------Original Message--------------- Does anyone know the procedure to extrapolate what the in situ salinity level of a soil is based on water content at the time of sampling? Our lab (Water Management Research Laboratory, Fresno, California) always runs ECe and reports the salinity as such. The USSL for the past couple of years always takes the moisture content of the soil at sampling time, makes a saturated paste after appropriate drying/grinding and back-calculates what the salinity was at sampling based on moisture content (the theory being that the drier the soil the more saline it is due to concentration effects). Any takers on the procedure? Is this an international standard in journal publications and/or just another way of sensing what the plant root is experiencing? Submitted by Richard Mead (rmead@cybergate.com) Water Management Research Labortory USDA-ARS Fresno, California 93727 Fax: 209-453-3122 ----------End of Original Message---------- ------------------------------------- Name: yakov pachepsky E-mail: ypachepsky@asrr.arsusda.gov (yakov pachepsky) USDA:ARS:BA:NRI:SRL Bldg 007 Rm 008 BARC-WEST Beltsville, MD 20705 Tel 301-504-74-68 Fax 301-504-58-23 ------------------------------------- <------------------------------>
Date: Thu, 26 Oct 1995 09:04:40 +0800 (WST) From: Keith Smettem .<.hydsol@uniwa.uwa.edu.au.>. Subject: Re: ET model for salt affected tree plantations Thanks James, My address is: Dr K. Smettem Dept of soil science and plant nutrition Faculty of Agriculture University of Western Australia Nedlands W.A. 6009 Australia regards Keith <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents:
RE: moisture content and salinity (OSTER@pop.ucr.edu (James D. Oster))
(OSTER@pop.ucr.edu (James D. Oster))
Re: ET model for salt affected tree plantations (OSTER@pop.ucr.edu (James D. Oster))
Use of SALT model ("Hollington, Phil" .<.p.a.hollington@bangor.ac.uk.>.)
<---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Thu, 26 Oct 1995 10:54:46 -0500
From: OSTER@pop.ucr.edu (James D. Oster)
Subject: RE: moisture content and salinity
Dr. Lynn Dudley, Utah State University at Logan has a program which
calculates soil solution composition as a function of soil water content. It
uses a new code and has the most recent ion-pair constants and etc. I have
used it, and Lynn and I hope to evaluate it further in early 1996. His FAX
number is 801-797-3376 and his e-mail address is LDUD@RBT.AGSCI.USU.EDU.
Jim Oster
phone number ylis a>We developed the computer program to provide a
procedure under question and tested it
>for Central Asia conditions (predominantly sulfate and chloride
salinization,low or
>moderate amount of smectites in soils, relatively low organic matter
content). You may
>want to ask for details and the code Dr Alexander Ponizovsky in the
Institute of Soil
>Science and Photosynthesis, Pushchino, Russia. E-mail address is :
>sotnikov@issp.serpukhov.su, "Attention A. Ponizovsky" must be in a subject
of the
>message.
>Good luck
>Yakov Pachepsky
>---------------Original Message---------------
>Does anyone know the procedure to extrapolate what the in situ salinity
>level of a soil is based on water content at the time of sampling?
>Our lab (Water Management Research Laboratory, Fresno, California) always
>runs ECe and reports the salinity as such. The USSL for the past couple
>of years always takes the moisture content of the soil at sampling time,
>makes a saturated paste after appropriate drying/grinding and
>back-calculates what the salinity was at sampling based on moisture
>content (the theory being that the drier the soil the more saline it is
>due to concentration effects). Any takers on the procedure? Is this an
>international standard in journal publications and/or just another way of
>sensing what the plant root is experiencing?
>
>Submitted by Richard Mead (rmead@cybergate.com)
>Water Management Research Labortory
>USDA-ARS
>Fresno, California
>93727
>
>Fax: 209-453-3122
>
>
>
>----------End of Original Message----------
>
>-------------------------------------
>Name: yakov pachepsky
>E-mail: ypachepsky@asrr.arsusda.gov (yakov pachepsky)
>USDA:ARS:BA:NRI:SRL
>Bldg 007 Rm 008 BARC-WEST
>Beltsville, MD 20705
>Tel 301-504-74-68
>Fax 301-504-58-23
>-------------------------------------
>
>
>
Jim Oster (Back from Sabbatical Leave!)
Extension Soil and Water Specialist
Dept. of Soil & Env. Sciences
University of California
Riverside CA 92521
Phone (909)787-5100
FAX (909) 787-5522
Admin. Assistant: Gwyn Dixon--(909) 787-5522 (Phone and FAX)
<------------------------------>
Date: Thu, 26 Oct 1995 11:10:19 -0500
From: OSTER@pop.ucr.edu (James D. Oster)
Subject:
The paper about salt tolerance of Eucs and about salinity effects on water
requirement written by Letey, Knapp and others was published in 1995 in the
Sept-Oct issue of the J. of Environ. Qual. starting at page 934.
Jim Oser
Jim Oster (Back from Sabbatical Leave!)
Extension Soil and Water Specialist
Dept. of Soil & Env. Sciences
University of California
Riverside CA 92521
Phone (909)787-5100
FAX (909) 787-5522
Admin. Assistant: Gwyn Dixon--(909) 787-5522 (Phone and FAX)
<------------------------------>
Date: Thu, 26 Oct 1995 16:27:10 -0500
From: OSTER@pop.ucr.edu (James D. Oster)
Subject: Re: ET model for salt affected tree plantations
Keith: The Cal Agr. Articles are intended to be read by consultants, farm
advisors and consultants. I've mailed some that are not Cal Agr. articles
which may have information that would interest you. The others on the list
affirm that I have an ego problem!
I will write you about community support latter: maybe as late as tomorrow
afternoon.
Regards Jim
Wichelns, D., and J. D. Oster. 1990. Potential economic returns to improved
irrigation infiltration uniformity. Agric. Water Management. 18:253-266.
Copy Mailed 10/27/95
Oster, J.D., R. B. Smith, C. Phene, A. Fulton, S. W. Styles, and T. Fernandes.
1993. Irrigation methods for drainage reduction: subsurface drip vs. furrow
irrigatn. 15th ICID Congress, The Hague, The Netherlands, September 1993.
Transactions Volume 1-C:1083-1095. Copy mailed 10/27/95
Letey, J. and J. D. Oster 1993. Subterranean disposal of irrigation drainage
waters in western San Joaquin Valley. In: Richard G. Allen (ed.), ASCE 1993
National Conf., Management of Irrigation and Drainage Systems:Integrated
Perspective. July 21-23, 1993. Park City, Utah. pp 691-697.
Styles, S., J.D. Oster, P. Bernasconi, A. Fulton, and C. Phene.1994.
Demonstration of emerging technologies. In: John Guitjens and Lynn Dudley
(eds.), Agroecosystems: Sources, Control and Remediation. July 21, 1994.
San Francisco, CA. Pacific Div., Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Vol. 2:xxx-xxx.
Wichelns, D., and J. D. Oster.1991. Irrigation uniformity and cotton yields
in the San Joaquin Valley. Cal. Agr. 45(1):13-15. Peer reviewed. Copy
mailed 10/27/95
Smith, R. B., J. Oster, and C. Phene. 1991. Subsurface drip produced highest
net return in Westlands area study. Cal. Agr. 45(2):8-10. Peer
reviewed.Copy mailed 10/27/95
Fulton, A.E., J. D. Oster, B. R. Hanson, C. J. Phene, and D.G. Goldhamer.
1991. Reducing drainwater: Furrow vs. subsurface irrigation. Cal. Agr.
45(2):4-8. Peer reviewed.Copy mailed 10/27/95
Smith, R. B., and J. D. Oster.1991. Analysis: Demonstration projects
compared. Cal. Agr. 45(2):11. Peer reviewed.Copy mailed 10/27/95Copy mailed
10/27/95
Oster, J. D. and D. Wichelns.1990. Infiltration uniformity effects on
cotton yields and potential economic returns. Proc. Third National
Irrigation Symposium "Visions of Irrigation--Technology to Enrich our
Environment," October 28-Nov. 1, 1990, Phoenix, AZ. pp 134-139.
U.C. Committee of Consultants on Drainage Water Reduction. 1988. Opportunity
for drainage reduction. Drainage Reduction Committee. University of
California Salinity and Drainage Task Force and Water Resources Center. 28 pp.
U.C. Committee of Consultants on Drainage Water Reduction.1988. Associated
costs of drainage water reduction. University of California Salinity and
Drainage Task Force and Water Resources Center. 16 pp.
Boyle Engineering Corporation.1994. Demonstration of Emerging Irrigation
Technologies. Final Report. State of California Department of Water
Resources and Boyle Engineering Corporation. Agreement #DWR B56936. 3 Vol.
(Contributor).
>Thanks James,
> My address is: Dr K. Smettem
> Dept of soil science and plant nutrition
> Faculty of Agriculture
> University of Western Australia
> Nedlands
> W.A. 6009 Australia
>
> regards Keith
>
Jim Oster (Back from Sabbatical Leave!)
Extension Soil and Water Specialist
Dept. of Soil & Env. Sciences
University of California
Riverside CA 92521
Phone (909)787-5100
FAX (909) 787-5522
Admin. Assistant: Gwyn Dixon--(909) 787-5522 (Phone and FAX)
<------------------------------>
Date: Fri, 27 Oct 95 10:18:00 PDT
From: "Hollington, Phil" .<.p.a.hollington@bangor.ac.uk.>.
Subject: Use of SALT model
One of the problems we have had over the years, particularly but not
exclusively with the use of highly salt-tolerant material such as the
Chinese Spring x Thinopyrum bessarabicum amphiploids, has been fitting
accurate growth functions to the data.
Initially we used NOPT5 of the van Genuchten model (the slope-threshold
model). This often gave good results, but in many cases led to either
poorly-fitting models or wildly implausible values for either slope,
threshold or Ymax. After much discussion with our colleagues in Zaragoza we
then adopted NOPT12, the curvilinear model, which in general gave better
fits and better estimates of the parameters, although some of the data still
proved impossible to fit. In particular, some of the standard errors were
extremely high.
Last year we began to use the modified version of this program (van
Genuchten and Gupta: Ind J Soil Sci 1993), in which the various estimated
parameters may be fixed by the user. Van Genuchten and Gupta reckoned that
fixing the value of p, the exponential term, at 3 would give a good fit for
the majority of data sets. We found that with our data from the controlled
sprinkler system fixing p gave much better fits, although its value needed
to be adjusted for different varieties and characters being assessed, and
setting it at 3 did not always give a good fit to the data. In particular,
standard errors were greatly reduced by using this method. However, despite
the reduction in standard errors, the values calculated for EC50 and Ymax
became to some extent harder to separate, due to a much greater uniformity
over varieties.
Do members of the group have any comments on this? In particular, which is
the preferred method of use of the program at Riverside? I have not seen
anything published on the use of the new version of the model yet. Do other
people use other measures (eg the stress-susceptibility index as used by
Kelman and Qualset 1991)?
Incidentally, trying to fit more than 1 year's data to the model has been
and remains a nightmare!
Regards,
Phil
<------------------------------>
End of Digest
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Contents: IRRISOFT Database (stein@wiz.uni-kassel.de (Thomas-M. Stein)) Salt tolerance curves. (a03mshannon@attmail.com (Michael Shannon)) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Fri, 27 Oct 1995 15:33:34 +0100 (MEZ) From: stein@wiz.uni-kassel.de (Thomas-M. Stein) Subject: IRRISOFT Database This message is (mainly) for those who have recently joined the list. Like previously described we have started up IRRISOFT, a World Wide Web Database on IRRIGATION and HYDROLOGY Software which is provided through the Department of Rural Engineering and Natural Resource Protection at the University of Kassel. The URL of IRRISOFT is: http://www.wiz.uni-kassel.de/kww/irrisoft/irrisoft_i.html In order to build up IRRISOFT we have prepared Software Description Pages including information and LINKS to server holding further information. To facilitate the retrieval (downloading) of public domain, shareware or commercial irrigation and hydrology software on the Internet, IRRISOFT also provides an ftp site. There will be direct links to the corresponding files on the ftp server from the Software Description Pages. We are trying to keep up contacts to the authors of the programs to ensure up-to-date information. Any contributions or suggestions would be gratefully received. Regards Thomas Stein ______________________________________________________________________________ Thomas-M. Stein University of Kassel (FB11) Phone : (+49)-5542-98-1632 Dep. of Rural Engineering and Fax : (+49)-5542-98-1588 Natural Resource Protection Email : stein@wiz.uni-kassel.de Nordbahnhofstr. 1a WWW : http://www.wiz.uni-kassel.de/kww/ D-37213 Witzenhausen, GERMANY List owner: IRRIGATION-L at LISTSERV@vm.gmd.de ______________________________________________________________________________ <------------------------------>
Date: Fri, 27 Oct 1995 20:45:24 -0500 From: a03mshannon@attmail.com (Michael Shannon) Subject: Salt tolerance curves. My feeling on this subject is that whichever curve best fits the data set is the right one but toexpect the curve functions to correspond to some physiological relationship of salt with growth is asking a lot. I have seen experiments conducted over very uniform conditions in which different varieties or entries fit different salinity response functions. In many cases, related lines fit the same function while another set of related lines fit another function. What does this mean? The curves are a way to describe the response of a parameter over salt concentration, but we must suppose that there are different physiological mechanisms that confer salt tolerance, not only at distinct salinity levels, but also that the expression is moderated by interacting environmental factors. Sorting all of this out is a real challenge. <------------------------------>
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Contents: Re: Use of Salt model (Anatole M. Zeiliguer .<.zeiligue@mgmi.msk.su.>.) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Mon, 30 Oct 95 15:35:27 +0300 From: Anatole M. Zeiliguer .<.zeiligue@mgmi.msk.su.>. Subject: Re: Use of Salt model Re: Use of SALT model Dear Phil, Unfortunately I can't directly answer in our question because my ignorance of our research problem. view of experimental data function, equation fitted and program NOPT used. I have any experience in the using of nonlinear optimization with the residual sum of squares method for adjust parameters of the curvilinear equation although the experimental soil hydraulic properties data. In accordance with my experience your mishap can provide due or discordance of experimental and fitted function, or weak expressiveness of experimental data function (for example - cloud view), or not sensitivity of the residual sum squares to any experimental data (very small/great in comparison with other). In these case it possible search the special solutions one of these is the parameters fixing that we use. For more profound analysis I need some of your experimental data and equation used for fitting. Regards, Anatole -------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: Anatole Zeiliguer Address: The Moscow State University of Environmental Engineering - Prirodoobustroistva, (MGMI), Prjanishnikof Street, 19, 127550 Moscow, Russia. E-mail : Zeiliguer@mgmi.msk.su (Zeiliguer Anatole) Fax : 7095-292-65-11 BOX 10818 MELIORACIA Tel (residence): 7095-153-44-33 Tel (office): 7095-976-22-01 -------------------------------------------------------------------- <------------------------------>
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Contents: Aussie salinity traveller comes home (George Richard Dr .<.RichardG@agby1.agric.wa.gov.au.>.) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Tue, 31 Oct 95 11:00:00 PST From: George Richard Dr .<.RichardG@agby1.agric.wa.gov.au.>. Subject: Aussie salinity traveller comes home Gidday to all salinity researchers etc, My name is Dr Richard George, I am a member of the Catchment Hydrology Group, (Agriculture, Western Australia), a small research team actively looking at salinity in WA. Ive been into salinity (mainly dryland until recently) since 1982, and completed my PhD on WA wheatbelt salinity. I am currently the regional hydrogeologist at Bunbury, looking after about 4-5 million ha of mixed farming landscape (low rainfall wheatlands 350-500mm/yr, sheep, crop and cattle grazing areas - 400 plus mm/yr, and higher rainfall irrigated dairy pastures and horticulture, <1000 mm/yr) that are going saline at a rapid rate. In the SW of WA we have already lost 50% of our fresh waters in streams and 1.6 million ha of farmland, and will probably lose 3-4 times as much if we dont get our acts together. Im keen to hear whats happening in your area and help get a world wide info exchange going so that we can share our sucesses and failures. I've just returned from a Churchill Fellowship where I looked at irrigated and dryland salinity management systems in China, Canada and the USA (California). I'll drop a copy of my final report on the NET in the near future so you can all have a look. Thanks to the Fresno team for this Server, Keep in touch, Richard. <------------------------------>
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