This is the compendium of TRICKLE-L digests for May 1996.
It was prepared from the daily digest mailings. Some digests
may be missing, because occasional mailings are lost en route.
Contents: Re: SDI herbicide impregnated emitters (EnnisEng@aol.com) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 12:23:46 -0400 From: EnnisEng@aol.com Subject: Re: SDI herbicide impregnated emitters Contact Rodney Ruskin at Geoflow at 800-828-3388 or 425-331-0166. Hope this helps. Tom Ennis Ennis Engineering <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: irrigation frequency (Jochen.Eberhard@t-online.de (Jochen Eberhard)) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Wed, 1 May 96 12:09 +0100 From: Jochen.Eberhard@t-online.de (Jochen Eberhard) Subject: irrigation frequency A question to Abelardo Contreras and everybody involved in the subject: Welcome to the group and thanks for the introduction. You wrote: > 8) How frequent do you irrigate? Many times a day or just one long session per day or several days? < >Very frequently daily more than 8 times daily. I would be glad if you could describe your irrigation system a little bit. How long is one irrigation cycle. It can not be very long?? Is there a minimum irrigation time when using drip irrigation systems, because it usually takes some time to fill the system with water. So I thinks the longer the irrigation cycle is, the better is the distribution uniformity. In other words: one long irrigation event per day is better than 3 short ones, taking normal soil conditions. Is this right and are there any reports about minimum irrigation time depending on length of the systems, and what about if there is a slope in the field. Is it better in this case to feed the lines from the higher elevation? If the group had already discussed this problems in former times, please tell me the time and I will get the files. Thanks Jochen Eberhard email: Jochen.Eberhard@t-online.de <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: RE: rodents, tobacco, cleaning products. (Manrique Brenes .<.mjbrenes@ucdavis.edu.>.) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Fri, 3 May 1996 09:38:04 -0700 From: Manrique Brenes .<.mjbrenes@ucdavis.edu.>. Subject: RE: rodents, tobacco, cleaning products. A friend in Brazil has forwarded me the following questions, I could use = all the feedback and comments to see if I can give him some answers: 1-Some distributors there are claiming that some kinds of tapes are more = susceptible than others, to rodents attack. I had never heard anything = like that, still if for any reason this would be true please let me know = the rational behind it. I remember there was a long discussion on = rodents and how to address them not long ago. If anyone could remind the = approximate dates I could go back to the stored files to rechecked them? 2-I know that some companies are selling cleaning solutions for drip = systems (Dissolve?). I remember they were somewhat popular when Bi-wall = was still around. Does anyone has any expirience with these products = and know where to contact these manufacturers. 3-Does anyone out there has any experience with drip management in = tobacco. I know from an experience in Costa Rica 5 years ago that the = impact was good, but at that time we could not justify it economically. = Other people has mentioned to me that they have had problems bringing = the leaves to a maturity. Any feedback is appreciated. Thanks a lot. Manrique Brenes UC Davis=20 <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: GROUNDWATER Listserv (KenBannister@groundwater.com (Kenneth E. Bannister)) RE: rodents, tobacco, reply from F. Lamm (FLamm@oznet.ksu.edu (Freddie Lamm)) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Fri, 3 May 1996 14:36:24 -0400 (EDT) From: KenBannister@groundwater.com (Kenneth E. Bannister) Subject: GROUNDWATER Listserv ANNOUNCING: GROUNDWATER and GROUNDWATER-DIGEST New Internet Mailing Lists Please join our global discussion group on groundwater and related topics. There are over 1100 members worldwide, with many USGS, EPA and Corps of Engineers members. If you have a groundwater question, we can help. ......................................................................... GROUNDWATER To subscribe to GROUNDWATER send e-mail to: majordomo@ias.champlain.edu In the body of the e-mail type the command: subscribe GROUNDWATER ..................................................................... SOME RECENT TOPICS COVERED IN GROUNDWATER ................................................................... groundwater-digest Friday, 26 April 1996 Volume 01 : Number 073 variable DO values Re: Documented impacts of feedlots and dairies on ground water volatile contaminant extraction Re: REFERENCES FOR SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE MODELS UN-GWW FW: NGWA Computer Workshop RE: UN-GWW - Attention: Maina-Gichaba CREAMS and GLEAMS water ages groundwater-digest Monday, 22 April 1996 Volume 01 : Number 071 Where to drill groundwater well Re: Logon's approximation Re: contaminant retardation factors Re: Where? EPA reports? groudnwater cost estimating Large groundwater data mgmt deal Re: Richard's equation Paradioxane remediation Distance Learning Courses in Subsurface Hydrology REFERENCES FOR SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE MODELS Re: WHAT ARE MICROVAL/g? RETC Code etc. groundwater-digest Wednesday, 17 April 1996 Volume 01 : Number 068 TROXLER Sentry 200-AP Dissolved Air Flotation Automation of groundwater readings MODELING SHORT COURSE ANNOUNCEMENT Deuterated-BTEX Tracers Re: Oxidative coupling? Data Management Software Re: water ages Re: Surface seals of wells and pollution Deuterated organics correction ########################################################################## GROUNDWATER-DIGEST For those of you concerned with the high traffic on this list, the list is digested,you will get about one mail per day with all posts and the headers cut out. It is packed up by size. When the list gets over 40,000 characters it puts all the messages together, ships it off to any subscribers, and puts it in the archive directory. You can see that we have several archives(over 70) so far by sending the following in the body of a message: index groundwater to: listserv@ias.champlain.edu (or index groundwater-digest. They are the same for archiving) Then by sending 'get groundwater v01.n001' (no quotes) to the listserv you will get the first archive. -------------------------------------------------------------- To subscribe to GROUNDWATER-DIGEST send e-mail to: majordomo@ias.champlain.edu In the body of the message type: subscribe GROUNDWATER-DIGEST (no need for address or name in this command) ************************************************************* Our listserv program does not have a "SET" command, you must SUBSCRIBE to get the digest. ************************************************************* We hope to see you on our list. -------------------------------------------------------------- Kenneth E. Bannister President - BANNISTER RESEARCH & CONSULTING Owner - GROUNDWATER-DIGEST Mailing List http://www.sover.net/~dowser/ KenBannister@groundwater.com Companies don't create leaders,customers do.(Ries & Trout 1986) -------------------------------------------------------------- <------------------------------>
Date: 03 May 96 16:14:53 CDT From: FLamm@oznet.ksu.edu (Freddie Lamm) Subject: RE: rodents, tobacco, reply from F. Lamm LAMM COMMENTS IN CAPITAL LETTERS > 1-Some distributors there are claiming that some kinds of tapes are more = > susceptible than others, to rodents attack. I had never heard anything = > like that, still if for any reason this would be true please let me know = > the rational behind it. I remember there was a long discussion on = > rodents and how to address them not long ago. If anyone could remind the = > approximate dates I could go back to the stored files to rechecked them? > THIS WAS ON TRICKLE-L DURING LAST 2 WEEKS OF FEBRUARY. I BELIEVE RICHARD MEAD HAS SUMMARIZED THIS ON HIS WEBSITE? RICHARD, IS THS CORRECT??? > 3-Does anyone out there has any experience with drip management in = > tobacco. I know from an experience in Costa Rica 5 years ago that the = > impact was good, but at that time we could not justify it economically. = > Other people has mentioned to me that they have had problems bringing = > the leaves to a maturity. Any feedback is appreciated. ILAN BAR FROM NETAFIM GAVE PAPER AT 5TH INTERNATIONAL MICROIRRIGATION CONGRESS, APRIL 2-6, 1995, ORLANDO FLORIDA, PAGES 645-650 IN PROCEEDINGS AVAILABLE FROM ASAE. FREDDIE LAMM *. ------------------------------------------------------------------- Freddie Lamm * Research Agricultural Engineer *** o KSU Northwest Research-Extension Center ***** /|\ 105 Experiment Farm Road *******\\ Colby, Kansas 67701-1697 ********* Ph. 913-462-6281 *********** FAX 913-462-2315 ************* Email:flamm@oznet.ksu.edu It's all downhill from here. ------ THERE'S NO DOMAIN LIKE OZ, THERE'S NO DOMAIN LIKE OZ. ------ <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: gopher info archives (rmead@CyberGate.COM (Richard Mead)) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Sun, 5 May 1996 14:54:30 GMT From: rmead@CyberGate.COM (Richard Mead) Subject: gopher info archives Regarding the recent posting: 1-Some distributors there are claiming that some kinds of tapes are more = >> susceptible than others, to rodents attack. I had never heard anything = >> like that, still if for any reason this would be true please let me know = >> the rational behind it. I remember there was a long discussion on = >> rodents and how to address them not long ago. If anyone could remind the = >> approximate dates I could go back to the stored files to rechecked them? >> > >THIS WAS ON TRICKLE-L DURING LAST 2 WEEKS OF FEBRUARY. >I BELIEVE RICHARD MEAD HAS SUMMARIZED THIS ON HIS WEBSITE? >RICHARD, IS THS CORRECT??? > Yes, the specific web site address is http://www.cybergate.com/~rmead/goph.html If you do not have web access, let me know and I'll cut and paste this information and send it to you via email. Thanks for your interest! Richard Mead Trickle-L and MIF owner/manager http://www.cybergate.com/~rmead <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: Fe clogging (henri@ilink.nis.za) Fwd: IWM Training material (MSorren175@aol.com) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Sun, 5 May 1996 22:45:29 GMT From: henri@ilink.nis.za Subject: Fe clogging What is the most appropriate method of reducing clogging of drippers by iron rich ( 3.5m/l ) borehole irrigation water? Jean Piaget/ <------------------------------>
Date: Sun, 5 May 1996 18:37:18 -0400 From: MSorren175@aol.com Subject: Fwd: IWM Training material --------------------- Forwarded message: Subj: IWM Training material Date: 96-05-05 18:28:52 EDT From: MSorren175 To: IRRIGATION-L@vm.gmd.de I 'm working with a team of NRCS water management engineers and specialists to design and develop National Irrigation training for NRCS employees. We are developing training materials for the following irrigation catagories:Soil-water-plant relationships; Irrigation system planning; Irrigation system design; Water measurement; Irrigation scheduling; Soil moisture measurement; IWM Plan; and Irrigation system evaluation. We plan to use lesson plans with videos and slide presentations. I'm looking for prepared training material within these categories, especially up to date videos and visual aids. Please let me know what may be available, including ordering information and associated costs. Anything on chemigation/fertigation; trickle design and evaluation; and irrigation scheduling would be very helpful, as we are lacking in these catagories. Thank you VERY MUCH!! PS.. If there are videos that we could view, our group is meeting in Fort Worth, TX May 13-17. Please send to: USDA,NRCS, Don Holley, Employee Development Specialist, NECD, 501 Felix St., PO Box 6567, Fort Worth, TX, 76115-0567 . E-mail: dholley@ftw.nrcs.usda.gov <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents:
Re: Fe clogging (sjordan@seldon.terminus.com (Steve Jordan))
SoWaCS list goes Majordomo ("Bruce Metelerkamp" .<.BRUCE@mailgate.icfrnet.unp.ac.za.>.)
<---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Mon, 6 May 1996 22:43:04 -0700
From: sjordan@seldon.terminus.com (Steve Jordan)
Subject: Re: Fe clogging
>What is the most appropriate method of reducing clogging of
>drippers by iron rich ( 3.5m/l ) borehole irrigation water?
>Jean Piaget/
The book says either
oxidate by storage (reservior) for 12 to 24 hours
chlorinate to oxidate and filter residue
acidize to 4.0
OR use polymer (polymoleirc acid or phosphonate)
Which is best? Depends....
Steve Jordan @ Second Foundation
<------------------------------>
Date: Tue, 7 May 1996 13:50:53 +200
From: "Bruce Metelerkamp" .<.BRUCE@mailgate.icfrnet.unp.ac.za.>.
Subject: SoWaCS list goes Majordomo
Announcement : Email Discussion Group : SoWaCS
The recently formed Soil Water Content Sensor email discussion
group (SoWaCS) has just been automated with the help of the
Majordomo listserver. (May 1996)
The list covers discussion and news on all manner of soil water
content (and suction) sensing technology. From TDR to
tensiometers and all points in between - hopefully!
Other 'water potential-related technologies' are bound to be
covered sooner or later. Neutron probes are another soon-to-be
discussed candidate.
To subscribe send
subscribe sowacs
in the body of a message to
majordomo@aqua.ccwr.ac.za
Background to the list and an archive of the important posts,
especially summaries, will be maintained at the SoWaCS homepage,
(where links to related sites are also to be found):
http://www.icfrnet.unp.ac.za/~metele/SoWaCS.html
Current membership is below 100 and so less than one message per
day can be expected. However, this implies quality over
quantity...
Please join if you feel you can interact.
-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
Bruce Metelerkamp SOIL WATER RESEARCH OFFICER
Institute for Commercial Forestry Research,
University of Natal, PO Box 100281
Scottsville, ZA3209
Rep. of South Africa Voice:27 331 62314
E-mail: bruce@icfr.unp.ac.za FAX:27 331 68905
URL http://www.icfrnet.unp.ac.za/~metele
/SoWaCS.html
/RR.html
Host of SoWaCS (Soil Water Content Sensor) Discussion List.
<------------------------------>
End of Digest
************************
Contents: irrigation frequency (YOSSI INGBER .<.100320.3653@CompuServe.COM.>.) Re: SDI herbicide impregnated emitters (txgator@ct.net (Jim Brigham)) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: 08 May 96 00:07:58 EDT From: YOSSI INGBER .<.100320.3653@CompuServe.COM.>. Subject: irrigation frequency A few cycles a day method requires short start-up time of each cycle , the CNL dripper by NETAFIM ( Compensated Non Leakage ) answers that requirement . The internal mechanism shuts - off the outlet when the pressure drops , thus leaving the pipes full of water at the cycle end . Yossi Ingber Engineering and Technical Support Netafim-Magal ISRAEL <------------------------------>
Date: Wed, 8 May 1996 09:45:22 From: txgator@ct.net (Jim Brigham) Subject: Re: SDI herbicide impregnated emitters In article Hector Valenzuela .<.hector@hawaii.edu.>. writes: >Date: Mon, 29 Apr 1996 15:38:23 -0500 >Reply-To: .<.trickle-l@unl.edu.>. >From: Hector Valenzuela .<.hector@hawaii.edu.>. >Subject: SDI herbicide impregnated emitters >Could someone refer me to suppliers which provide herbicide impregnated >emitter SDI systems? Thank-you. Hector. >Hector Valenzuela >Vegetable Extension Specialist >Horticulture, University of Hawaii at Manoa >hector@hawaii.edu >http://agrss.sherman.hawaii.edu/hort/ Whoile herbicide impregnated emitters are manufactured, Gowan chemical has recently acquired EPA labels for injection of their product, Trifluralin-5, for the purpose of root intrusion control in SDI systems. You may check with your local chemical distributor. > <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: Re: TRICKLE-L digest 491 (TPiatkowsk@aol.com) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Fri, 10 May 1996 01:16:57 -0400 From: TPiatkowsk@aol.com Subject: Re: TRICKLE-L digest 491 Fe CLOGGING OUR COMPANY IS ENGAGED IN THE TRANSFER OF SOME VERY INTERESTING TECHNOLOGY FROM THE COMMERCIAL WATER TREATMENT INDUSTRY TO AGRICULTURE. ONE SUCH FORMULATION HAS SHOWN THE ABILITY TO COMBAT THE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH IRON IN THE WATER AND IRON RELATED BACTERIA. IN CALIFORNIA WE ARE EXPERIENCING SUCCESS MAINTAINING DRIP SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF HIGH LEVELS OF IRON WITHOUT THE NECESSITY TO USE RESERVOIRS TO REMOVE THE IRON. IF YOU WOULD LIKE MORE INFORMATION PLEASE EMAIL. <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents:
Acid injection ("Jerry Neufeld" .<.jneufeld@fs.scs.unr.edu.>.)
Re: TRICKLE-L digest 491 ("James W. Troutt" .<.jtroutt@mail.orion.org.>.)
<---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Fri, 10 May 96 09:30:39 PST
From: "Jerry Neufeld" .<.jneufeld@fs.scs.unr.edu.>.
Subject: Acid injection
Can anyone reccomend a positive displacement injection pump capable of
injecting sulfuric acid into a SDI system? I need to inject roughly 3
oz. per minute into a 60 psi line.
Jerry Neufeld
jerry@scs.unr.edu
(702) 635-6656
<------------------------------>
Date: Fri, 10 May 1996 15:01:55 -0500 (CDT)
From: "James W. Troutt" .<.jtroutt@mail.orion.org.>.
Subject: Re: TRICKLE-L digest 491
i need more information about removing iron from well water
as we hav here in the Ozarks.
jwt
<------------------------------>
End of Digest
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TRICKLE-L digest 496 was lost <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Contents: Re: TRICKLE-L digest 495 (TPiatkowsk@aol.com) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Mon, 13 May 1996 03:07:54 -0400 From: TPiatkowsk@aol.com Subject: Re: TRICKLE-L digest 495 With regard to Fe in the water. Enclosed is a brief description of how we approach the problems associated with both the presence of Fe and Fe related bacteria as they occur within a drip systems. It must be recognized that if iron is present in the source water at levels > .2 ppm, there exists the potential for problems. By applying an approach used within the commercial water treatment industry, one can manage Fe problems without the need for reservoirs. It is recognized that Fe and the related bacteria cannot be totally eliminated from the source water. However, it is our experience that under most conditions, one can efficiently manage and avoid problems. By analyzing the source water one can determine the Fe level and the quality of the source water. Observations of the well, generally, will indicate if iron is a problem . It is important to consider the overall function of the irrigation system. Factors such as gypsum injection and fertigation can influence the occurrence of problems. After collecting this information the following procedure is followed: We are assuming the following for this example: There is Fe in the source water at 1ppm and the water has a total hardness of 450 ppm (asCaCO3). Evidence of the presence of Fe slime is present. Keeping in mind, each situation is different. The well should be chemically cleaned to kill the bacteria present in the well casing and remove built up scale. Recognizing that the source of the bacteria may very well be the aquifer itself, one cannot expect to sterilize the well. But, by removing the scale within the casing, primarily within the tidal portions exposed to air during draw down, the habitat is greatly reduced for the bacteria and in cases where well output was restricted due to excessive scale buildup, flow from the well can be improved. This cleaning can be accomplished with a combination of chemicals that are formulated to be both metal and environmentally safe. Once the well has been cleaned, the focus moves to cleaning the drip tape and system from the previous exposure to Fe and slime forming bacteria. It is recommended and most economical to address this problem with conventional acid washes and flushing. The pH should be lowered to between 3-4 to effectively clean. Caution to prolonged exposure to metal valves etc. should be exercised. The next step is to treat the water as it discharges from the pump or booster prior to it entering the filter station. By looking at the water analysis it is possible to determine the rate of injection required to maintain a clean running system. We use a phosphonate based product that is approved for use with drinking water at levels generally 2-4 times our injection levels. The product has been formulated to address the problems associated with bio-films and slime. It is injected into the system at maintenance levels between .8 and 2 ppm. (in California), is affordable and eliminates the need for chlorine and acid. It is our experience that by injecting upstream of the filter station the treated water will clean the filters and screens of previously deposited Fe and biological contamination. This is not a fast process but it is constant. The properties of phosphonates are properly suited for this application. They are powerful and used at very low levels. They are not pH dependent. Their action is one reflecting thresh hold chemistry and effective activity can be maintained throughout the complete irrigation system. As Ca regulators, treatment of the water can enhance the effectiveness of gypsum injections and fertigation. Problems are most commonly observed when Fe is in the source water, hardness is at least marginal and the system is equipped with fertigation and gypsum injection equipment. Fe, problems can be aggregated by other factors. It has also been observed when drip systems are installed on wells sized and equipped to handle larger outputs than required for the drip system, Fe problems can develop. This approach to problem does not replace the need to properly flush lines. When servicing existing or old systems, flushing may be required more frequently for the initial phases of treatment. These are practices unique to each situation and should be dealt with accordingly. The well cleaning and installation of the water treatment injection system can be accomplished within two to three days. I hope information has been of value. If you require further detail please e-mail me your address and information will be sent . Ag H2O <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: Unsubscribe (Michael Orfanedes .<.morfaned@cce.cornell.edu.>.) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Mon, 13 May 1996 12:47:14 -0400 (EDT) From: Michael Orfanedes .<.morfaned@cce.cornell.edu.>. Subject: Unsubscribe Unsubscribe trickle-L michael orfanedes Michael Orfanedes CENET: Michael_Orfanedes Area Extension Specialist INTERNET: michael_orfanedes@cce.cornell.edu Cornell Cooperative Extension phone: (716) 652-5453 21 S. Grove St. FAX: (716) 652-5073 East Aurora, NY 14052-2398 <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: New member's intro (Richard Mead .<.rmead@asrr.arsusda.gov.>.) Re: Unsubscribe (Paco Rodriguez .<.pacoro19@us.net.>.) How much water? (Richard Anderson .<.71203.3075@CompuServe.COM.>.) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Tue, 14 May 1996 10:39:21 -0400 From: Richard Mead .<.rmead@asrr.arsusda.gov.>. Subject: New member's intro Another new member, Jean E.H. Piaget from South Africa has sent the following. Welcome Jean! 1) Briefly, what is your affiliation with trickle/drip irrigation? >I was the first soil scientist in South Africa to advocate and introduce >the newly developed Micro-Jets to local fruit farmers in the late sixties. >From 1967 I was the specialist irrigation adviser in the Dept. of Agriculture >During that time I introduced into SA the planting of vines under >plastic sheeting, the use of gypsum for soil amelioration, the chlorination >of micro & drip lines and the use of tensiometers for sheduling purposes. > I somehow also became National President of the SA Irrigation Institute. >Since my retirement late 1993 I have stayed in the irrigation field as >" Piaget Consultancy " working from home. 2) What crops or plants do you use drip irrigation on? >"local" meaning in the Western Cape producing export apples, pears, >apricots, plums citrus and table grapes. Export by air or by ships from >Cape Town, mainly to Europe but also to the USA , Canada & Far East. 3) If using subsurface drip irrigation, what is the average depth of placement of the drip lateral? >Most fruit producers use micro sprinklers as drip is usually not >suitable on our soils* but new developments in the drip field are catching on. 7) Do you have water quality problems? If so, how do you tackle the situation? >What problems with drip and water ? We have them all!!!but not the >solutions, some of which I still hope to find in your pages & list. 10) Are you pleased with the uniformity of your system or systems? Were they designed correctly? >Correct design is based on norms set up by the Irrigation Institute in >cooperation with the Directorate of Agr. Engineering of the Dept of Agric. 11) How did you find out about our mailing list? >I recently became cyberfied, accessed the www and naturally looked for >"micro irrigation " which ultimately led me to your page. <---------------------------------------------------------------------------->
------ * Jean, does this mean low infiltration soils or other problems? R. Mead Trickle-L & MIF owner/manager http://www.cybergate.com/~rmead <---------------------------------------------------------------------------->
------ <------------------------------>
Date: Tue, 14 May 1996 15:34:21 -0400 From: Paco Rodriguez .<.pacoro19@us.net.>. Subject: Re: Unsubscribe Unsubscribe <------------------------------>
Date: 15 May 96 02:06:06 EDT From: Richard Anderson .<.71203.3075@CompuServe.COM.>. Subject: How much water? I am planning a drip system for a small apple orchard planted on M9 rootstock. Located on San Juan Island, Washington State, Our summers are dry, warm in the 70-80s. In my research, I found several formulas for calculating daily water requirements, and am interested is understanding which one to use for planning. A guide published by Raintree suggests a formula that looks like this: .4893 * D2 * PF * ETO ------------------------------ EF Where .4893 is a conversion factor D2 is trees canopy diameter feet squared, used 25. PF is plant factor, used .70 from the Raintree tables(small trees) ETo is Evapotranspiration rate, used .20 EF is watering efficiency (decimal equivalent), used .90 This yields 1.90 gal per day for each tree. Another formula published by Washington State University in a irrigation short course (Tree Fruit Irrigation, 1994) looks like this; ETo .623 * ----- * D2 EF and yields 3.46 gallons per day when I plug in the Eto, canopy area and efficiency rate used in the first formula. Which is correct? Am I applying these formulas correctly? being an beginner at this, I would appreciate any help, from experienced hands and field knowledge. Richard Anderson, Westcott Bay Orchards <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: Returned message (funt.1@osu.edu (Richard Funt)) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Thu, 16 May 1996 07:23:21 -0500 From: funt.1@osu.edu (Richard Funt) Subject: Returned message Richard, Yesterday , I tried to send a message to Mr. Anderson and the message was returned indicating I was not a part of tricle-l and had to subscribe. I had a similar problem of receiving duplicate message several months ago. The problem lies in that I have two addresses - one for the university and with the college. I believe that yesterdays problem occurred with the university address. How do I send my message and how do I keep one address? Thanks Dick Funt <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: Re: Returned message (funt.1@osu.edu (Richard Funt)) Re: Acid injection (OSU Malheur Experiment Station .<.mesosu@primenet.com.>.) Re: Returned message (Richard Mead .<.rmead@asrr.arsusda.gov.>.) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Thu, 16 May 1996 09:38:27 -0500 From: funt.1@osu.edu (Richard Funt) Subject: Re: Returned message > Richard, > Yesterday , I tried to send a message to Mr. Anderson and the >message was returned indicating I was not a part of tricle-l and had to >subscribe. I had a similar problem of receiving duplicate message several >months ago. The problem lies in that I have two addresses - one for the >university and with the college. I believe that yesterdays problem occurred >with the university address. How do I send my message and how do I keep one >address? > Thanks > Dick Funt > > <------------------------------>
Date: Thu, 16 May 1996 07:56:59 -0600 From: OSU Malheur Experiment Station .<.mesosu@primenet.com.>. Subject: Re: Acid injection Jerry Neufeld wrote: > > > > Can anyone reccomend a positive displacement injection pump capable of > injecting sulfuric acid into a SDI system? I need to inject roughly 3 > oz. per minute into a 60 psi line. > > > Jerry Neufeld > jerry@scs.unr.edu > (702) 635-6656 > Check Ozawa R and D, Ontario, OR (541)-889-3644 Clint Dr, Clinton C. Shock Malheur Experiment Station, OSU 595 Onion Ave. Ontario, OR 97914 (541) 889-7057 http://www.primenet.com/`mesosu/ <------------------------------>
Date: Thu, 16 May 1996 17:10:50 -0400 From: Richard Mead .<.rmead@asrr.arsusda.gov.>. Subject: Re: Returned message Dear Dick, Sorry you are having problems..I have you down as subscribed at >FUNT@AGVAX2.AG.OHIO-STATE.EDU< Did you use this address when sending your message? I can resubscribe you to whatever address you want. Get back to me..I really can't do anything until I understand which address is screwing up. Richard Mead Trickle-L owner/manager At 09:46 AM 5/16/96 -0500, you wrote: >> Richard, >> Yesterday , I tried to send a message to Mr. Anderson and the >>message was returned indicating I was not a part of tricle-l and had to >>subscribe. I had a similar problem of receiving duplicate message several >>months ago. The problem lies in that I have two addresses - one for the >>university and with the college. I believe that yesterdays problem occurred >>with the university address. How do I send my message and how do I keep one >>address? >> Thanks >> Dick Funt >> >> > > > <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: Typo (Richard Anderson .<.71203.3075@CompuServe.COM.>.) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: 17 May 96 11:30:45 EDT From: Richard Anderson .<.71203.3075@CompuServe.COM.>. Subject: Typo >Who's Raintree? I was referring to a booklet "Drip Watering Made Easy" Published by RainDrip Inc, not Raintree, sorry for the typo. Rich Anderson, Westcott Bay Orchards <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: TRICKLE-L digest 494 - Reply (thomson.tony@wpo.pi.sa.gov.au) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Tue, 21 May 1996 10:58:33 +0930 From: thomson.tony@wpo.pi.sa.gov.au Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 494 - Reply I am interested in any information to combat iron problems in drip irrigation systems Regards Tony Thomson thomson.tony@pi.sa.gov.au <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: Re: TRICKLE-L digest 494 - Reply (sjordan@seldon.terminus.com (Steve Jordan)) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Mon, 20 May 1996 22:40:07 -0700 From: sjordan@seldon.terminus.com (Steve Jordan) Subject: Re: TRICKLE-L digest 494 - Reply >I am interested in any information to combat iron problems in drip irrigation >systems >Regards I use CH20's product Sure Flow at 1 to 1.5 PPM. It makes it tolerable. I tried Linemaster and gave up. They are different chemistry, but are applied the same way. You have choices: settling pond / reservior (needs 12 - 24 hours). drop pH to 4.0 (mostly uneconomic) treat well to stop iron (never seen it done) Steve Jordan @ Second Foundation <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents:
Neutrone probe access tubes (1.5") ("M. Meron" .<.MERON@migal.co.il.>.)
<---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Wed, 22 May 1996 15:42:44 GMT+0200
From: "M. Meron" .<.MERON@migal.co.il.>.
Subject: Neutrone probe access tubes (1.5")
We need about 50 pc. of 1.5-2.0m long, 1.5" inner diameter, Aluminum access
tube for a neutrone probe.
Will appreciate any good advise.
M.Meron
=========================================================================
MIGAL Galilee Technology Center Crop Ecology Laboratory
Kiryat Shmona PO Box 90 000 Rosh Pina 12 100 ISRAEL
Phone +972-6-953559 Fax: +972-6-944980 Email: MERON@migal.co.il
=========================================================================
<------------------------------>
End of Digest
************************
Contents: Re: TRICKLE-L digest 503 (TPiatkowsk@aol.com) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Fri, 24 May 1996 01:10:21 -0400 From: TPiatkowsk@aol.com Subject: Re: TRICKLE-L digest 503 --PART.BOUNDARY.0.22479.emout08.mail.aol.com.832914619 Content-ID: .<.0_22479_832914619@emout08.mail.aol.com.96967.>. Content-type: text/plain In response to your inquiry concerning the treatment of iron related problems. Tom Piatkowski --PART.BOUNDARY.0.22479.emout08.mail.aol.com.832914619 Content-type: multipart/appledouble; boundary="PART.BOUNDARY.0.22479.emout08.mail.aol.com.832914619-ad" --PART.BOUNDARY.0.22479.emout08.mail.aol.com.832914619-ad Content-ID: .<.0_22479_832914619@emout08.mail.aol.com.96968.>. Content-type: application/applefile; name="Ag H20 Mgt. 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End of Digest ************************
Contents: Re: TRICKLE-L digest 503 (TPiatkowsk@aol.com) Re: Acid injection (Dripigate@aol.com) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Fri, 24 May 1996 01:47:51 -0400 From: TPiatkowsk@aol.com Subject: Re: TRICKLE-L digest 503 In response to your inquiry. (Excuse me for the first attempt to respond.) Tom Piatkowski Enclosed is a brief description of how we approach the problems associated with both the presence of Fe and Fe related bacteria as they occur within a drip systems. It must be recognized that if iron is present in the source water at levels > .2 ppm, there exists the potential for problems. By applying an approach used within the commercial water treatment industry, one can manage Fe problems without the need for reservoirs. It is recognized that Fe and the related bacteria cannot be totally eliminated from the source water. However, it is our experience that under most conditions, one can efficiently manage and avoid problems. By analyzing the source water one can determine the Fe level and the quality of the source water. Observations of the well, generally, will indicate if iron is a problem . It is important to consider the overall function of the irrigation system. Factors such as gypsum injection and fertigation can influence the occurrence of problems. After collecting this information the following procedure is followed: We are assuming the following for this example: There is Fe in the source water at 1ppm and the water has a total hardness of 450 ppm (asCaCO3). Evidence of the presence of Fe slime is present. Keeping in mind, each situation is different. The well should be chemically cleaned to kill the bacteria present in the well casing and remove built up scale. Recognizing that the source of the bacteria may very well be the aquifer itself, one cannot expect to sterilize the well. But, by removing the scale within the casing, primarily within the tidal portions exposed to air during draw down, the habitat is greatly reduced for the bacteria and in cases where well output was restricted due to excessive scale buildup, flow from the well can be improved. This cleaning can be accomplished with a combination of chemicals that are formulated to be both metal and environmentally safe. Once the well has been cleaned, the focus moves to cleaning the drip tape and system from the previous exposure to Fe and slime forming bacteria. It is recommended and most economical to address this problem with conventional acid washes and flushing. The pH should be lowered to between 3-4 to effectively clean. Caution to prolonged exposure to metal valves etc. should be exercised. The next step is to treat the water as it discharges from the pump or booster prior to it entering the filter station. By looking at the water analysis it is possible to determine the rate of injection required to maintain a clean running system. We use a phosphonate based product that is approved for use with drinking water at levels generally 2-4 times our injection levels. The product has been formulated to address the problems associated with bio-films and slime. It is injected into the system at maintenance levels between .8 and 2 ppm. (in California), is affordable and eliminates the need for chlorine and acid. It is our experience that by injecting upstream of the filter station the treated water will clean the filters and screens of previously deposited Fe and biological contamination. This is not a fast process but it is constant. The properties of phosphonates are properly suited for this application. They are powerful and used at very low levels. They are not pH dependent. Their action is one reflecting thresh hold chemistry and effective activity can be maintained throughout the complete irrigation system. As Ca regulators, treatment of the water can enhance the effectiveness of gypsum injections and fertigation. Problems are most commonly observed when Fe is in the source water, hardness is at least marginal and the system is equipped with fertigation and gypsum injection equipment. Fe, problems can be aggregated by other factors. It has also been observed when drip systems are installed on wells sized and equipped to handle larger outputs than required for the drip system, Fe problems can develop. This approach to problem does not replace the need to properly flush lines. When servicing existing or old systems, flushing may be required more frequently for the initial phases of treatment. These are practices unique to each situation and should be dealt with accordingly. The well cleaning and installation of the water treatment injection system can be accomplished within two to three days. I hope information has been of value. If you require further detail please e-mail me your address and information will be sent . Ag H2O <------------------------------>
Date: Fri, 24 May 1996 10:59:31 -0400 From: Dripigate@aol.com Subject: Re: Acid injection Contact Injection Systems Inc. at 916-221-0396. D. James Gonske for fine equipent, Fax 916-221-0397 <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: TRICKLE-L digest 507 - Reply (thomson.tony@wpo.pi.sa.gov.au) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Mon, 27 May 1996 13:19:54 +0930 From: thomson.tony@wpo.pi.sa.gov.au Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 507 - Reply <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: Why Microirrigation?? (rmead@CyberGate.COM (Richard Mead)) Why micro (evan@griffith.dwr.csiro.au (Evan Christen)) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Mon, 27 May 1996 23:47:16 GMT From: rmead@CyberGate.COM (Richard Mead) Subject: Why Microirrigation?? Why Microirrigation? I know the topic sounds rather common and mediocre, but I thought I'd toss out a few items to get some discussion going again and to confirm my own mental database as to the pros and cons of using microirrigation. With the increased pressure from society, ranging from the political, environmental and economic, growers/farmers are often criticized for just about any choice of technology they use. The crucial input of their decisions most always stems from the bottom line of financial stability. A recent issue in California Agriculture magazine (vol 50, #2) had a very good article as to why growers choose certain types of irrigation systems. Without regurgitating the whole article, the three main points of the article were the following: 1) As the cost of water increases, there is heavier reliance on low-volume/microirrigation systems. 2) Land characteristics such as slope of fields and very coarse soils also orient individuals towards the use of microirigation. 3) Perennial crops prevail over annual crops in lands with microirrigation use. The reasons above confirm why some growers on the westside of the San Joaquin valley flood irrigate with 1600 meter runs (1 mile), applying 1.3 cubic meters/sec (45 cu. ft/sec) at 150 mm (6 inches) per shot. The water is cheap, the land is flat, the soil holds water fairly well and row crops dominate the region. Despite knowing the emerging trends in microirrigation such as using subsurface drip in alfalfa and possibly other perennial forage crops, implementing drip in poplar tree plantations in the Pacific northwest (USA), and the filtragation of effluent waters in Israel and some parts of the U.S., can anybody contribute more reasons why someone should use microirrigation? You landscapers please contribute also!! At a later time, we can discuss the negative aspsects of microirrigation. >From there we can also discuss, dream or argue as to how to reduce the negatives or eliminate them completely. Richard Mead Soil Scientist Water Management Research Laboratory/ARS/USDA Trickle-L owner/manager http://www.cybergate.com/~rmead <------------------------------>
Date: Mon, 27 May 1996 19:05:00 -0500 From: evan@griffith.dwr.csiro.au (Evan Christen) Subject: Why micro POSITIVELY It also reduces supply costs due to lower volumes e.g. An open supply channel is leaking so badly it requires complete reconstruction; estimated cost A$500 000. The water supply authority Murrumbidgee Irrigation(MI) persuaded the 14 farms (each about 20ha) along the channel to change to micro en masse providing a piped supply and pump for each farm at cost of about A$300 000 Benefits = reduced supply losses and improved on farm water use NEGATIVELY Most irrigation schemes supply water in open channels on a roster system or 2-3 day order system, volumes supplied are large. This makes it difficult for micro needing small volumes of water almost daily at peak periods. EITHER This necessitates a dam, which can be very expensive depending on the volume required and the soil types (often light soils for micro) may need lining. OR a micro system designed to apply large volumes quickly (surrohate flood) v. expensive and negates a lot of benefits of micro. This is one of the main impediments to change to micro in our area. Once the majority of farms are micro then this will be less of a problem but at the moment micro is only 15-20% of the area. Any ideas?? Regards Evan Dr Evan Christen Irrigation and Drainage Management for Horticulture CSIRO Division of Water Resources Griffith Laboratory Griffith NSW 2680 Australia Tel # 61 69 601586 Fax # 61 69 601600 <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents:
Re: Why Microirrigation?? (Dean Lanyon .<.lanyond@salty.agvic.gov.au.>.)
Fe in water (Jean Piaget .<.henri@ilink.nis.za.>.)
Re: Why Microirrigation?? ("Jeffrey L. Jones" .<.jljones@earthlink.net.>.)
Re: Why micro (PHLASH79@aol.com)
<---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Tue, 28 May 1996 14:16:39 +0000
From: Dean Lanyon .<.lanyond@salty.agvic.gov.au.>.
Subject: Re: Why Microirrigation??
Recently I have been involved in the development of soil management
systems that maintain a better soil structure to increase yields in
horticultural crops. As we are all well aware microirrigation allows
a greater control over the amount, rate, and timing of water
replenishment to the soil, however, the added bonus in
microirrigation is that the water can be applied slowly which reduces
the rate of change of soil structure to a less hospitable environment
for root growth.
Trees grown on a Red-brown earth in Australia have responded to a
reduction in soil structural problems which has partly been achieved
by microirrigation through mini-sprinklers. In essence the slower the
rate of wetting of the soil the slower the change in soil structure
from the original loose, soft state.
This raises the question of the soil structural changes that occur
directly under the drippers and the benifit of subsurface irrigation
which can take advantage of capillary rise (soil wet in tension are
more resilient to soil structure change). If anyone has further
comments to this I would be most interested.
Dean Lanyon
Dean Lanyon
c/o ISIA, Tatura
ph. +61 58 335 323
fax. +61 58 335 299
mobile 0419 535 852
<------------------------------>
Date: Tue, 28 May 1996 12:02:09 GMT
From: Jean Piaget .<.henri@ilink.nis.za.>.
Subject: Fe in water
Hi Tom! Your brief description of how you approach Fe problems received on
5/13/96 and 5/24/96 appreciated.
However answers to the following questions are still outstanding:
1) What is the combination of chemicals formulated for cleaning?
2) What acid used for flushing?
3) What phosphonate based products approved for use?
4) What are their properties?
5) Who manufactures them? are they exported to South Africa? who is our
importer and distributor?
Greetings, Jean/
<------------------------------>
Date: Tue, 28 May 1996 06:32:05 -0700
From: "Jeffrey L. Jones" .<.jljones@earthlink.net.>.
Subject: Re: Why Microirrigation??
A topic I love! You asked for landscapers to contribute also. My
specialty is landscape irrigation. A significant advantage to
micro irrigation is that weeds are diminished. By placing the water at
or near the root zone, you eliminate the need for spraying the entire
area. We are seeing success in the subsurface area in turf applications
as well.
There is still major resistance from the landscape industry to drip use
in ornamental plantings, old habits die hard. The main area of
resistance comes from the older, not necessarily wiser, landscape
contractors stuck in their 'spray ways'.
The Green Industry makes up a huge portion of California's economic
base. Pressure comes from all sides to be water conscious. Urban water
use may be a small part of CA developed water, but the spotlight shines
bright at times. Drip/micro irrigation is important to the water/energy
conserving environment.
Jeffrey Jones
Bay Irrigation & Turf Supply Inc.
Richard Mead wrote:
>
> Why Microirrigation?
>
> I know the topic sounds rather common and mediocre, but I thought I'd toss out
> a few items to get some discussion going again and to confirm my own mental
> database as to the pros and cons of using microirrigation.
>
> With the increased pressure from society, ranging from the political,
> environmental and economic, growers/farmers are often criticized for just
> about any choice of technology they use. The crucial input of their
> decisions most always stems from the bottom line of financial stability. A
> recent issue in California Agriculture magazine (vol 50, #2) had a very
> good article as to why growers choose certain types of irrigation systems.
> Without regurgitating the whole article, the three main points of the
> article were the following:
>
> 1) As the cost of water increases, there is heavier reliance on
> low-volume/microirrigation systems.
>
> 2) Land characteristics such as slope of fields and very coarse soils also
> orient individuals towards the use of microirigation.
>
> 3) Perennial crops prevail over annual crops in lands with microirrigation use.
>
> The reasons above confirm why some growers on the westside of the San
> Joaquin valley flood irrigate with 1600 meter runs (1 mile), applying 1.3
> cubic meters/sec (45 cu. ft/sec) at 150 mm (6 inches) per shot. The water
> is cheap, the land is flat, the soil holds water fairly well and row crops
> dominate the region.
>
> Despite knowing the emerging trends in microirrigation such as using
> subsurface drip in alfalfa and possibly other perennial forage crops,
> implementing drip in poplar tree plantations in the Pacific northwest
> (USA), and the filtragation of effluent waters in Israel and some parts of
> the U.S., can anybody contribute more reasons why someone should use
> microirrigation? You landscapers please contribute also!!
>
> At a later time, we can discuss the negative aspsects of microirrigation.
> >From there we can also discuss, dream or argue as to how to reduce the
> negatives or eliminate them completely.
>
> Richard Mead
> Soil Scientist
> Water Management Research Laboratory/ARS/USDA
> Trickle-L owner/manager
> http://www.cybergate.com/~rmead
<------------------------------>
Date: Tue, 28 May 1996 12:22:27 -0400
From: PHLASH79@aol.com
Subject: Re: Why micro
Dear Sir,
I read your note with interest. You are looking at the obstacles instead of
the goal. I spent considerable time in Australia. I am quite familar with
the privitization and the huge investment the Federal Government is making in
upgrading the irrigation delivery systems of those districts choosing to
remove themselves from the public dole. Many such examples of mechanization
and subsequent automation of the water delivery system can be seen right in
your backyard. Deniliquin, Wakool, Burdekin River have all taken huge steps
towards automation. We even automated one of your drops. When your growers
look at the return on investment and the need for on demand irrigation to
fully maximize their growth potential --then and only then can you get away
from the concept of using the soil as a reservoir. When you go to subsurface
drip and on farm automation you will have the tool to provide the feedback
you need to schedule water releases and deliveries on a district wide basis.
In most cases you would only have to deliver between 5 and 10 millimeters of
water per hectare--a small fraction of the water delivered and applied
currently by most of your flood irrigated farms. It is only then that the
irrigation districts will realize how inefficient they really are. We have
one district here in California, the South San Joaquin Irrrigation District
which automated their main canal. The save an average of 50000 acre feet
annually. I know you deal in megaliters but the rough translation is about
16000 megaliters. They turned around and sold the resulting water back to
the our Bureau of Reclamation for $50/acre-ft to mitigate some environmental
requirements which paid back their investment in less than 2 years. Their
system is similar in size and they have a large number of nuts and tree
fruit growers. One other point--all the work that my father has recently
accomplished points out two very important facts. One that real time
automation of subsurface drips dramatically increases yield and quality. Two
that water you would think you save due to prevention of evaporation loss can
be utilized by the plant in the form of higher transpiration rates resulting
in yield improvements upwards of 40 to 50 % on nuts. However as in the case
of your recent droughts you could grow a normal crop on significantly less
water than a similary irrigated surface system. A win-win situation for most
growers.
Best Regards,
Jim Phene
<------------------------------>
End of Digest
************************
Contents: Re: Fe in water (sjordan@seldon.terminus.com (Steve Jordan)) installing drip on 2.5 acres in Colorado (agAccess@davis.com) Re: Why Microirrigation?? (LodiCraig@aol.com) Re: installing drip on 2.5 acres in Colorado (GroAire@aol.com) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Wed, 29 May 1996 03:11:41 -0700 From: sjordan@seldon.terminus.com (Steve Jordan) Subject: Re: Fe in water >However answers to the following questions are still outstanding: >2) What acid used for flushing? Here you need to be careful. The IRB (Iron related bacteria) may be and often are associated with other biology. You may make an estimate of amount of acid and underestimate. Also, there are bacteria and certain formation relatively imune to acid. HACH company sells BART tests that should be done before and after treatment. There are cheap quick tests for Fe in the water. You should also consider the low tech way to precipitate the Fe. If you can settle for 12 to 24 hours that should work. Of course, that adds other complexities. I decided on the treatment rather than the reservoir. The reserviors is more fool proof. What happens if the chemical runs dry or the pump does not work? Steve Jordan @ Second Foundation <------------------------------>
Date: Wed, 29 May 1996 16:39:03 -0700 From: agAccess@davis.com Subject: installing drip on 2.5 acres in Colorado Dear Trickle-L, A friend in Colorado has asked me to locate info on how to design a drip irrigration system for his 2.5 market garden in Colorado. What kind of resources are out there to help design and utilize drip irrigation for different vegetable crops? Thanks, Nathan Boone <------------------------------>
Date: Wed, 29 May 1996 22:47:13 -0400 From: LodiCraig@aol.com Subject: Re: Why Microirrigation?? Contrary to findings in other locals, micro-irrigation has not appeared to reduce our total water use, and in fact has facilitated using more. This is because with our crop ... grapes ... over irrigation is more detrimental than under. By evening out our distribution and delivering the water more steadily, we have produced healthier vineyards that infact consume more total water than before. Energy consumption is higher for us as we lift the water 35' (10 meters), then pressurize another 70' (20 meters) for even distrubution. Before drip, we distributed the water with only the 35' of lift. On the other hand, we do use less water per unit of production (ton of grapes), and slightly more pumping energy. Ofcourse, production efficiency is what really counts. This means that with drip, the same demand can be met using fewer acres of precious land. Micro-irrigation saves water in the end, and saves many other precious resources as well. Using S.D.I., we have managed known soil pest infestation economically with no soil pesticides besides the miniscule amount of Treflan impregnated in the hose. Our fertilizer use is down, but our fertilizer expenditures are about the same as we use higher grade materials. Fertilizer application costs are infantesimal now. I now view water management as a more or less steady state and continous process ... I'm shifting the water status by changing the application rate ... not 'giving them an irrigation'. By having smaller wetted zones we have much more control over the water status of the grapevines, and thus in greater control the crop quality. Its easier to screw up too, with less margin for error. Access to the field is much less restricted. We used to apply pesticide applications on a preventative basic just because we knew we had no ground access for the next 12 days. Now we wait until pest counts are approaching economic levels ... instead of guessing they 'might' and spraying. I know this has save us numerous pesticide applications. In interestingly enough, we have had much lower pest pressure. Sincerely, Craig Thompson, Lodi, CA <------------------------------>
Date: Wed, 29 May 1996 22:50:37 -0400 From: GroAire@aol.com Subject: Re: installing drip on 2.5 acres in Colorado I am a design engineer for drip irrigation in Colorado and have installed p[lots from 900 square feet to 50 acres in size. I also incorporate subsurface aeration of the root zone by using the subsurface irrigation systems that I design. We handle all mil thicknesses and spacings that would be rerquired in Colorado. The soils vary widely and usually require an inspection to determine the correct outlet spacing and lateral spacing. I have also been engineering irrigation pumps for projects for 25 years. I have the endorsements ranging from the Sierra Club to the Natural Resource Conservation Service. I am currently designing systems in Wisconsin, Nebraska, New Mexico, Arizona, North Dakota, Colorado and Wyoming. I do not charge anything for my design engineering and only ask that my clients purchase their equipment from me. Dave Enyeart GroAire Irrigation Inc. Thornton, Colorado 303-650-0472 Groaire@aol.com <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************
Contents: Re: installing drip on 2.5 acres in Colorado (flowers@Rt66.com (wilderness flowers)) Re: installing drip on 2.5 acres in Colorado (flowers@Rt66.com (wilderness flowers)) Re: installing drip on 2.5 acres in Colorado (agAccess@davis.com) Re: Fe in water (Jean Piaget .<.henri@ilink.nis.za.>.) Re: Why Microirrigation?? (Jean Piaget .<.henri@ilink.nis.za.>.) drip-trickle-micro (Jean Piaget .<.henri@ilink.nis.za.>.) Resource Utilization (sstyles@oboe.aix.calpoly.edu (Stuart W. Styles)) Pecan nut & Quandong crop factors (lipman.ashley@wpo.pi.sa.gov.au) <---------------------------------------------------------------------->
Date: Wed, 29 May 96 23:10:05 MDT From: flowers@Rt66.com (wilderness flowers) Subject: Re: installing drip on 2.5 acres in Colorado >Dear>Nathan Boone > > A friend in Colorado has asked me to locate info on how to design a >drip irrigration system for his 2.5 market garden in Colorado. What kind >of resources are out there to help design and utilize drip irrigation for >different vegetable crops? > > >Thanks, > > >Nathan Boone > > > > Martin Connaughton Wilderness Flowers Flowers@rt66.com Rt 19 Box 111-D Santa Fe, NM 87505 505 988 3096 <------------------------------>
Date: Wed, 29 May 96 23:12:33 MDT From: flowers@Rt66.com (wilderness flowers) Subject: Re: installing drip on 2.5 acres in Colorado >Dear Trickle-L, re > > A friend in Colorado has asked me to locate info on how to design a >drip irrigration system for his 2.5 market garden in Colorado. What kind >of resources are out there to help design and utilize drip irrigation for >different vegetable crops? > > TRY TALKING WITH DAVE ENYEART OF GROAIRE AT groaire@aol.com his buried drip system seems like a winner we will bw installing it on 5 ac in nm this fall Martin > > >Nathan Boone > > > > Martin Connaughton Wilderness Flowers Flowers@rt66.com Rt 19 Box 111-D Santa Fe, NM 87505 505 988 3096 <------------------------------>
Date: Thu, 30 May 1996 09:34:52 -0700 From: agAccess@davis.com Subject: Re: installing drip on 2.5 acres in Colorado Thanks Martin, DAVE ENYEART actually responded to my request as well, & I'll be contacting him... Thanks again, Nathan Boone ===================================================== | Agricola Partners :: Tel: 916-750-2264 | | 603 Fourth Street :: Fax: 916-756-7188 | | Davis, CA 95616 :: Email: Agricola@davis.com | | www: http://www.mother.com/agaccess/Agricola.html | |=====================================================| | Agricola Partners is dedicated to the agriculture | | and food industries with an emphasis on | | sustainable agriculture and organic farming. | ===================================================== <------------------------------>
Date: Thu, 30 May 1996 20:50:09 GMT From: Jean Piaget .<.henri@ilink.nis.za.>. Subject: Re: Fe in water >>However answers to the following questions are still outstanding: > >>2) What acid used for flushing? > >Here you need to be careful. > HACH company sells BART tests that should be done >before and after treatment. There are cheap quick tests for Fe in the water. > Steve Jordan @ Second Foundation > >Hey you Guys ! We do'nt all live in the USA , so please do not use acronyms unnecessarily and when referring to manufacturers how about adding addresses etc. >Just hoping. Jean <------------------------------>
Date: Thu, 30 May 1996 20:50:11 GMT From: Jean Piaget .<.henri@ilink.nis.za.>. Subject: Re: Why Microirrigation?? At 06:40 PM 5/27/96 -0500, you wrote: >Why Microirrigation? > >Common! Mediocre? In 1980, yes nineteen eighty! I wrote an article titled "10 years of microjetting " for the Deciduous Fruit Grower journal. Here are a few exerpts : "Just over ten years ago, the first large scale installation of a microjet irrigation system took place in the Cape. Not without trepidation to be sure! So many aspects of the new system were still unknown then-- and pessimism abounded." As am example we were thought to be crazy to go and leave black PVC pipes out in the African sun. " The laterals are still in place as sound as the day they were laid " " Microjetting is setting the pace " in the fruit & grapevine industry. " The past ten years have seen microjet systems become firmly entrenched " HOWEVER ::: The correct : hydraulic design, choice of emitter wetting pattern, size of wetted surface, working pressure, distance between emitters and position relative to tree or vine stems, and naturally scheduling to physiological requirements, are of the utmost importance. OK so not that easy! Yet most of our growers in the Western Cape are still to-day using micro-sprinklers. NB" Microjet" is a patended word which we may not use anymore as a generic term. So we use Micro-sprinkler instead. Their loss! Jean/ <------------------------------>
Date: Thu, 30 May 1996 22:52:34 GMT From: Jean Piaget .<.henri@ilink.nis.za.>. Subject: drip-trickle-micro Hi! You Guys! I have just been reading my mail and am all at sea as I cannot make out exactly what systems you are discussing. If a drip is a drip and a micro a micro-sprinkler then what is a trickle ? How about being more specific? Who is to know whether you are referring to single or double drip lines, 0.5 or 1.5m spacings, 2, 4 or6 l/h delivery, what micro-sprikler type and make, scheduling system used, etc. All these permutations affect the results obtained. So lets have clarity and transparency at all times please. Jean/ <------------------------------>
Date: Thu, 30 May 1996 14:36:56 -0700 From: sstyles@oboe.aix.calpoly.edu (Stuart W. Styles) Subject: Resource Utilization On Wed, 29 May 1996 21:37:38 -0500 LodiCraig@aol.com wrote- >Energy consumption is higher for us as we lift the water 35' (10 meters), >then pressurize another 70' (20 meters) for even distrubution. Before drip, >we distributed the water with only the 35' of lift. >On the other hand, we do use less water per unit of production (ton of >grapes), and slightly more pumping energy. Of course, production efficiency >is what really counts. This means that with drip, the same demand can be met >using fewer acres of precious land. Micro-irrigation saves water in the end, >and saves many other precious resources as well. **************************** Comments from Stuart Styles: With respect to the energy use, we did some work last year that looked at the overall energy picture for drip irrigation on 2 commercial pepper fields. While the energy use was higher, the energy use per unit of production was lower. We included components of energy use such as pumping energy, the energy to manufacture the drip products, and the energy to manufacture the fertilizer. The following is a brief summary of the project. *Evaluation of Subsurface Drip Irrigation on Peppers As part of a California Energy Commission (CEC) low interest loan program, the Irrigation Training and Research Center (ITRC) at Cal Poly - San Luis Obispo provided technical assistance to the CEC in the review of applications. Once applications were approved, technical assistance was then provided to the growers participating in the program. In addition, the ITRC also documented changes in resources before and after implementation of the new systems. The main idea was to help accelerate the learning curve for other growers who might be interested in trying the new technology. The results indicated that for drip irrigation, it is possible to have the similar amounts of applied water plus a higher pumping bill (depends on previous practices). It is also possible (with good management) to achieve improved yields for crops such as peppers. Our study indicated that for subsurface drip irrigation on peppers there was a significant improvement of resource utilization. The following are some the definitions, results and conclusions of our evaluation. This project was funded by the CEC and the lead person was Dr. Charles Burt at the Cal Poly ITRC. *Definitions: Water Use Efficiency = Reported Yields (Tons per acre) ------------------------------- Applied Water Use (AF per acre) Energy Use Efficiency = Reported Yields (Tons per acre) -------------------------------- Total Energy Use (MBtu per acre) *Results: Grower 1 (Gilroy, California, USA) ---------------------------------- Water and Energy Use Efficiencies Before Buried Drip and After Buried Drip 94-95 Average Item Before CEC After CEC Project Project % Change ---------- --------- -------- Water Use (Acre-feet/acre) 2.4 1.9 -20 Energy Use (MBtu/acre) 18.3 19.3 6 Yield (Tons/acre) 20.0 26.0 30 Water Use Efficiency (Tons/AF) 8.5 13.8 63 Energy Use Efficiency (Tons/MBtu) 1.1 1.3 23 Grower 2 (Oxnard, California, USA) ---------------------------------- 93-95 Average Item Before CEC After CEC Project Project % Change ---------- --------- -------- Water Use (Acre-feet/acre) 2.7 2.6 -4 Energy Use (MBtu/acre) 21.16 26.0 23 Yield (Tons/acre) 18.0 24.7 37 Water Use Efficiency (Tons/AF) 6.7 9.5 42 Energy Use Efficiency (Tons/MBtu) 0.85 0.95 12 *Conclusions: - These growers used the CEC low-interest program to get into drip irrigation. - Peppers have an excellent yield response to drip irrigation. - The growers needed a two to three year learning curve to solve basic problems. They continually adapt to new challenges by trying different approaches to management and hardware. - The nature of problems will change from year to year. - The energy used per unit yield decreased. - The volume of water required per unit yield decreased. - Fertilizer application accounts for a significant amount of the total input energy for Peppers (over 30%) due to the energy required to manufacture N-based fertilizers. - Fertilizer application rates remained relatively constant. This is the area for greatest future reduction in energy use, by gradually using less fertilizers. - Both growers are expanding the amount of drip irrigation systems on their farms. ______________________________________________________________________________ Stuart W. Styles - PE Phone (805)756-2429 Irrigation Training and Research Center FAX (805)756-2433 Cal Poly State University - Ag Engr Dept Email: sstyles@oboe.aix.calpoly.edu San Luis Obispo CA 93407 http://www.calpoly.edu/~ae/itrc.html ______________________________________________________________________________ <------------------------------>
Date: Fri, 31 May 1996 09:24:54 +0930 From: lipman.ashley@wpo.pi.sa.gov.au Subject: Pecan nut & Quandong crop factors Dear All, Does anyone have some crop factors for Class A Pan Evaporation data for Pecan Nuts and Quandongs grown under drip irrigation. If so I would be most grateful if you could pass them on. Regards, Ashley Lipman Irrigated Crop Management Service Box 411 Loxton SA 5333 Australia ph +61 85 959 138 fax +61 85 959 180 e-mail lipman.ashley@pi.sa.gov.au <------------------------------>
End of Digest ************************